Abraham Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth — Vocabulary
Richard Hofstadter
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
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republicrepublicrepublics:governmental systems in which a majority of citizens elect representatives to make laws
The United States and each of its states are republics.more
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Again and again the Republican press of the Northwest referred to the Republican Party as the "White Man's Party."27 more
republicrepublican:of a system of government in which a majority of citizens elect representatives …
Show general definition for republic (as in: the country is a republic) of a system of government in which a majority of citizens elect representatives to make laws; or someone in favor of such a form of government
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emancipatedreleased from social restraints

(used as a metaphor for the literal sense of being released from slavery)
She was an emancipated 20th century woman pursuing her career.†more
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District slaveholders who wanted to emancipate their slaves were to be compensated from the federal Treasury.†15 more
emancipatedemancipate:to release from slavery or servitude; or (metaphorically) from social restraints
Show general definition released from slavery or servitude; or (metaphorically) from social restraints
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legislatureelected body that makes laws
The state legislature passed a law to increase the minimum wage, but the governor vetoed it while claiming it would reduce the number of entry-level jobs for young people.more
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He early became a party wheelhorse, a member of the Illinois State Whig Committee, and in the legislature a Whig floor leader.†12 more
a group, made up of government representatives, that has the power to create laws
Show general definition a group made up of government representatives (usually elected) that has the power to create laws
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democracya system of government in which citizens have power with equal votes
The United States has a representative democracy.more
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It was the legitimate inheritance of Jacksonian democracy.†8 more
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eminentrespected and well-known
She studied under an eminent scientist who had won multiple international awards.more
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He was not, of course, the first eminent American politician who could claim humble origins, nor the first to exploit them.†4 more
respected and famous or important
Show general definition famous, respected, or important within a particular field or profession
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malicemalicemalicious:evil; or made with the intent to make others suffer
I am not interested in hearing malicious gossip.more
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Here is a drama in which a great man shoulders the torment and moral burdens of a blimdering and sinful people, suffers for them, and redeems them with hallowed Christian virtues—"malice toward none and charity for all"—and is destroyed at the pitch of his success.†3 more
the desire to hurt others or see them suffer
Show general definition the intention or desire to see others suffer
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abolishabolishabolishing:eliminating (doing away with)
She is in favor of abolishing the death penalty.more
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"Slavery," Fitzhugh predicted, "will everywhere be abolished, or everywhere be reinstituted."†4 more
abolishabolished:eliminated
Show general definition eliminate (end, or do away with)
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inferiorof lower quality
Nazis believed other races were inferior.more
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Chicago, July 10, 1858: Let us discard all this quibbling about this man and the other man, this race and that race and the other race being inferior, and therefore they must be placed in an inferior position.†4 more
(adjective) of low quality, or of lower quality or rank than something else  OR  (more rarely as a noun) a person of lower rank or status
Show general definition of low quality, or of lower quality or rank than something else -- sometimes used as a noun to refer to a person of lower rank or status
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omitomitomitted:left out
She recounted the whole story except that she omitted names.more
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It expressly omitted the loyal slave states from its terms.†1 more
omitomitted:to exclude or neglect something
Show general definition to exclude or neglect something
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disdainlack of respect
She tries to be polite, but she cannot hide her disdain for authority.more
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Lincoln's connection with such a tribe could only spur his loyalty to the democratic ways in which he had been brought up; he never did "belong," and Mary Todd's attitude toward him as a social creature was always disdainful.†1 more
disdaindisdainful:full of disrespect
Show general definition to disrespect or reject as unworthy
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doctrineprinciple
She argues that the action is protected under the separation-of-powers doctrine that is fundamental to the US Constitution.more
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The supporters of this doctrine vote for Buchanan.†2 more
a belief (or system of beliefs or principles) accepted as authoritative by some …
Show general definition a belief (or system of beliefs or principles) accepted as authoritative by some group
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denouncedenouncedenounced:strongly criticized or accused publicly
She denounced him as a liar.more
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We know that he refused to denounce the Fugitive Slave Law, viciously unfair though it was, even to free Negroes charged as runaways.†3 more
to strongly criticize or accuse publicly…
Show general definition to strongly criticize or accuse publicly

or more rarely:  to inform against someone (turn someone into the authorities)
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expedientpractical but not ideal
It was a necessary expedient to get the job done.more
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His attitude was based on justice tempered by expediency—or perhaps more accurately, expediency tempered by justice.†3 more
expedientexpediency:convenient, speedy, or practical; or an action that is speedy or practical
Show general definition convenient and practical, but sometimes not the best or most moral choice
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inconsistentnot the same at different times
Her play is inconsistent. Sometimes she's unbeatable and other times she beats herself.more
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Douglas did what he could to use Lincoln's inconsistency against him.†1 more
inconsistentinconsistency:not the same in different parts or at different times…
Show general definition not the same in different parts or at different times

or:

not in agreement [with something else]
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abolitionending the system or practice
The abolition of slavery in the United States was officially achieved with the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.more
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The implication is clear: Lincoln was half abolitionist and the Emancipation Proclamation was fulfillment of that young promise.†22 more
abolitionabolitionist:a reformer who favored ending slavery
Show general definition the act of formally ending a system, practice, or institution -- most often used to refer to the movement to end slavery when no specific system is named
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suffrageright to vote
Although few of the women who pioneered women's suffrage lived long enough vote, the right was finally granted to women in 1920.more
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Consequently I go for admitting all whites to the right of suffrage who pay taxes or bear arms (by no means excluding females).†3 more
Show general definition the right to vote
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implicitunderstood (without having been directly said)
"Did she explicitly promise?"

"Well, I guess not explicitly, but nobody who was there could have missed the implicit promise."more
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Although it was no part of his constitutional function, Lincoln did what he could to speed this amendment toward ratification by announcing that he considered it only an explicit statement of what was already implicit in the Constitution—1 more
Show general definition for implicit (as in: not explicitly but implicitly) not stated directly, but understood (or capable of being understood) from something else
Show editor's word notes Shared information is often divided into two categories:  That which is said explicitly (directly in words that leave no room for confusion or doubt) and that which is said implicitly.
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canvasscanvasscanvassing:talking with people individually
She has been canvassing the membership to see how they feel and to ask for their support.more
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1840 and 1844—placed on Harrison and Clay electoral tickets "and spent much time and labor in both those canvasses";†2 more
canvasscanvasses:examines an issue, gets opinions by asking specific questions; and/or asks people for political support individually
Show general definition for canvass (as in: canvass the crowd) examine an issue, get opinions by asking specific questions; and/or ask people for political support individually
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ratifyratifyratifies:approves
The President already signed the treaty, but it won't take effect unless the Senate ratifies it.more
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It was ratified by a vote of 50,261 to 21,297.†2 more
ratifyratified:approved
Show general definition to approve -- typically the formal approval of an agreement by an organization
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preeminentsurpassing all others
I think of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra as the world's most preeminent orchestra.more
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No, replied the Little Giant, but "he is preeminently a man of the atmosphere that surrounds him."†1 more
preeminentpreeminently:in a manner that surpasses others in status, ability, or possession of a notable characteristic
Show general definition outstanding or surpassing others in status, ability, or possession of a notable characteristic