Half the Sky — Vocabulary
Nicholas D. Kristof
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
45 top 2000
approachapproachapproaching:getting nearer
Winter is approaching.more
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That was a great improvement over the previous approach of having the families run all over town, spending far more to buy bandages here, gauze there, scalpels somewhere else.†47 more
get near
Show general definition for approach (as in: approached the city) to get closer to (near in space, time, quantity, or quality)
3 top 500
approach#2method (way of doing something)
Perhaps I just need to work harder, but I may need an entirely different approach to the problem.more
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Bernie Krisher of American Assistance for Cambodia tried another approach.†47 more
a way of doing something
Show general definition for approach (as in: use the best approach) a way of doing something; or a route that leads to a particular place
43 top 200
prudentsensible and careful
She was promoted to manager because she is so prudent.more
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But he wanted $100 for the surgery, and Prudence's husband and parents said that they could raise only $20.†42 more
prudentprudence:good sense and caution
41 top 500
gendermale/female/trans
Gender roles were more defined when my grandmother was growing up.more
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Amartya Sen, the ebullient Nobel Prize-winning economist, has developed a gauge of gender inequality that is a striking reminder of the stakes involved.†40 more
male, female, or any of many trans categories
Show general definition for gender (as in: gender discrimination) male or female

or (especially regarding self-identification): the state of being male, female, or in any of many trans categories
Show editor's word notes While the word sex can almost always be substituted for this meaning of gender, gender is typically used in reference to cultural or social differences, while sex is typically used for biological differences.
12 top 1000
interprettranslate
Can she interpret Spanish to English for us?more
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There was no high school for girls, so she returned to Hargeisa to work as an interpreter for a British doctor.12 more
interpretinterpreter:someone who translates language
Show general definition for interpret (as in: interpret Spanish to English) to translate someone’s words into spoken words of another language while they are speaking
1 top 10
interpret#2understand (In this case: Why did she smile? What does it mean?)
I don't know how to interpret her smile.more
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Ali crushed the rebellion, and then for centuries Islamic scholars discounted Aisha's importance and rejected her feminist interpretations.12 more
interpretinterpretations:ways of understanding or explaining things
Show general definition for interpret (as in: her interpretation of the data) to understand or explain something in a particular way -- often the meaning or significance of something
35 top 2000
abortionintentionally ending pregnancy
Abortion is a tough issue. Some consider it a question of a woman's right to control her body, but others consider it a question of defending the helpless from murder.more
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Since the 1990s, the spread of ultrasound machines has allowed pregnant women to find out the sex of their fetuses—and then get abortions if they are female.†34 more
abortionabortions:ending of pregnancies
Show general definition for abortion (as in: have an abortion) intentional ending of pregnancy with medical assistance by removing the fetus or embryo from the body before it is able to survive
Show editor's word notes A spontaneous abortion (more commonly called a miscarriage) is an abortion that happens without medical assistance or intent
28
empowerempowerempowers:gives power or authority to
The Constitution empowers the Vice President to cast tie-breaking votes in the Senate.more
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The economic explosion in Asia was, in large part, an outgrowth of the economic empowerment of women.†27 more
empowerempowerment:the giving of authority, power, knowledge, or confidence to someone so they can do something
Show general definition give or delegate authority or power to

or:

give knowledge or confidence to someone that permits doing something
24 top 2000
midwifea non-doctor who practices the profession of assisting women in childbirth
The village has no doctor, but there is a midwife.more
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She spent seven years there, studying nursing, midwifery, and hospital management.†23 more
midwifemidwifery:the profession of assisting women in childbirth without being a doctor
Show general definition a trained (usually non-doctor) professional who assists women in childbirth; or more broadly, a person who helps bring something new into existence or helps guide it into being
22
abolitionending the system or practice
The abolition of slavery in the United States was officially achieved with the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.more
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That must be the starting point of any abolitionist movement.†21 more
abolitionabolitionist:a reformer who favored ending slavery
Show general definition the act of formally ending a system, practice, or institution -- most often used to refer to the movement to end slavery when no specific system is named
16 top 1000
discriminateunfairly treat of different groups of people differently
We do not discriminate based on race, nationality, social status, age, gender, religion, or sexual preference.more
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And while job discrimination against women is real, it has less to do with sexism than with employers being wary of China's generous maternity benefits.15 more
discriminatediscrimination:unfair treatment of different groups of people differently
Show general definition for discriminate (as in: suffered discrimination) to treat people of different groups differently -- especially unfair treatment due to race, religion or gender
15 top 1000
initiativewillingness to act independently
She is smart, dedicated and has initiative. I expect to see her promoted soon.more
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This pattern persisted ever since: Only a few have held the monopoly on initiative because they alone have had the social tools.†14 more
the ability and tendency to determine what should be done and to start doing it without instruction; or to start something
Show general definition the ability and tendency to determine what should be done and to start doing it without instruction

or:

to start something
The exact meaning of starting something depends upon the context. For example:
  • "She did it on her own initiative." -- started it without anyone telling her to
  • "She seized the initiative." -- started actions that force others to react to her rather than her having to react to them
  • "the peace initiative" -- a plan or the start of actions to bring about something
  • "a ballot initiative" -- a proposed law that is started by citizen petition rather than by the legislature (applicable in many jurisdictions such as California)
3 top 2000
assetsthings of value
The University is one of the city's greatest assets.more
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She will become a productive economic asset for Africa, all because of a little push and helping hand from Heifer International.8 more
assetsasset:something of value
Show general definition for assets (as in: it's one of her best assets) a positive trait or thing of value
in various senses, including:
  • a positive trait -- as in "Her confidence is an asset in the job search."
  • something highly valued -- as in "The University is one of the city's greatest assets."
  • soldiers or military equipment -- as in "They moved assets into the contested area."
  • a spy -- as in "She was the United States' most valuable asset in China."
Show editor's word notes Assets are often contrasted to their opposite, liabilities.
1 top 100
positivepositivepositively:in a good or beneficial manner
Lower interest rates positively affected home sales.†more
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We thus regard the Pentecostal boom with some suspicion, but without doubt it also has a positive impact on the role of women.†4 more
good or beneficial
Show general definition for positive (as in: had a positive effect) good or beneficial
4
positive#2it found the condition present
The pregnancy test was positive.more
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Sunitha arranged for Abbas to be tested for HIV; she tested positive, so Sunitha is trying to find her an HIV-positive man to marry.†4 more
indicating that a condition was found
Show general definition for positive (as in: The test came back positive.) found a condition or substance to be present
indicating the presence of something being tested for  -- especially a disease, condition, or substance
9
obstetriciana physician specializing in childbirth
She saw her obstetrician for an exam.more
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The world's obstetricians are particularly neglectful of their duty in this regard.†8 more
obstetricianobstetricians:physicians who specialize in childbirth
3 top 200
empiricalbased on experience or observation rather than theory
Is her theory supported by empirical data?more
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In contrast, there's empirical evidence that crackdowns can succeed, when combined with social services such as job retraining and drug rehabilitation, and that's the approach we've come to favor.†2 more
Show general definition based on experience or observation rather than theory
4 top 1000
suffrageright to vote
Although few of the women who pioneered women's suffrage lived long enough vote, the right was finally granted to women in 1920.more
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Child mortality declined by 8-15 percent with the enactment of suffrage laws.... Nationwide, these reductions translate into roughly 20,000 averted child deaths each year.†3 more
Show general definition the right to vote
2 top 200
implicitunderstood (without having been directly said)
"Did she explicitly promise?"

"Well, I guess not explicitly, but nobody who was there could have missed the implicit promise."more
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Implicit in what we're saying about China is something that sounds shocking to many Americans: Sweatshops have given women a boost.1 more
Show general definition for implicit (as in: not explicitly but implicitly) not stated directly, but understood (or capable of being understood) from something else
Show editor's word notes Shared information is often divided into two categories:  That which is said explicitly (directly in words that leave no room for confusion or doubt) and that which is said implicitly.
4
literateable to read and write
Only 25% of adults are literate in that country.more
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Usha's mother, Alka, is also unusually well-educated: Although she married at age fifteen, she has a ninth-grade education and is literate.3 more
Show general definition able to read and write