Metamorphosis — Vocabulary
Franz Kafka
translated by: Wyllie
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
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howeverdespite that (a transition word use to connect contrasting ideas)
Most college application deadlines are in January and February. However, early admission deadlines are around November and some scholarships require even earlier deadlines.more
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If, however, they took everything calmly he would still have no reason to be upset, and if he hurried he really could be at the station for eight o'clock.†9 more
a word used to connect contrasting ideas as when using though, in spite of that, in contrast, nevertheless, etc.
Show general definition for however (as in: However, complications may...) though (or another expression that connects contrasting ideas)
Show editor's word notes Based on idea 1 we might not expect idea 2, but this is a way of saying that even though idea 1 exists, we still have idea 2.  Synonyms include in spite of that, despite that, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the other hand, in contrast and but.
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however#2no matter how (how much/how hard/how long…)
However hard she tried, she couldn't do it.more
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Gregor's appeals to his father were of no help, his appeals were simply not understood, however much he humbly turned his head his father merely stamped his foot all the harder.9 more
regardless of how
Show general definition for however (as in: However much she tried...) to whatever degree (regardless of how much; or whatever unspecified amount)
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contrastpoint to differences between
Contrast winter in Panama with winter in Alaska.more
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"That was the voice of an animal", said the chief clerk, with a calmness that was in contrast with his mother's screams.2 more
contrastin contrast:a comparison that shows differences
Show general definition for contrast (as in: contrast their writing styles) point to differences between; or compare to show differences
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nonethelessin spite of that (used to connect contrasting ideas)
Sometimes she gets angry and loses her temper, but I love her nonetheless.more
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He did not turn it all the way round as he felt his neck becoming stiff, but it was nonetheless enough to see that nothing behind him had changed, only his sister had stood up.†3 more
Show general definition in spite of that (Used to connect contrasting ideas. Other synonyms could include words and phrases such as nevertheless, all the same, still,  and however.)
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despaira feeling of hopelessness
Don't give in to despair.more
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Their business misfortune had reduced the family to a state of total despair,2 more
hopelessness
Show general definition for despair (as in: she felt despair) hopelessness; or distress (such as extreme worry or sadness from feeling powerless to change a bad situation)
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sufficientadequate (enough)
We have sufficient supplies.more
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The gentlemen bent over the dishes set in front of them as if they wanted to test the food before eating it, and the gentleman in the middle, who seemed to count as an authority for the other two, did indeed cut off a piece of meat while it was still in its dish, clearly wishing to establish whether it was sufficiently cooked or whether it should be sent back to the kitchen.†1 more
sufficientsufficiently:adequately (in a manner that provides enough -- often without being more than is needed)
Show general definition adequate (enough -- often without being more than is needed)
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distinctdifferent
Martinez and his colleagues identified 21 distinct emotions made by the human face.more
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It was not until late at night that the gaslight in the living room was put out, and now it was easy to see that parents and sister had stayed awake all that time, as they all could be distinctly heard as they went away together on tip-toe.†1 more
distinctdistinctly:in a manner that is clear, easily noticed, and/or identifiable as different or separate
Show general definition clear, easily noticed, and/or identifiable as different or separate
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comprehendcomprehendcomprehends:fully understands
I don't think she comprehends how dangerous this has become.more
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But now that I see your incomprehensible stubbornness I no longer feel any wish whatsoever to intercede on your behalf.1 more
comprehendincomprehensible:not understandable
Show context notes The prefix "in-" in incomprehensible means not and reverses the meaning of comprehensible. This is the same pattern you see in words like invisible, incomplete, and insecure.
Show general definition to understand something -- especially to understand it completely
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moreoverin addition to what has just been said
The company has too much debt. Moreover, it is responsible for a long-term lease on expensive office space.more
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He would have used his arms and his hands to push himself up; but instead of them he only had all those little legs continuously moving in different directions, and which he was moreover unable to control.†1 more
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protrudestick out
Metal spikes protrude from the dog's collar.more
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she probably even had to overcome the urge to flee when she saw the little bit of him that protruded from under the couch.2 more
protrudeprotruded:stuck out
Show general definition to stick out from
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reproachreproachreproached:criticized and expressed disappointment
She reproached him for treating his sister so thoughtlessly.more
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Then, however much mother and sister would importune him with little reproaches and warnings he would keep slowly shaking his head for a quarter of an hour with his eyes closed and refusing to get up.2 more
reproachreproaches:criticisms
Show context notes In this context, Importune means "to urge someone to do something."
Show general definition a criticism; or to express criticism or disappointment -- especially where a relationship makes the disapproval result in disappointment or shame
Show editor's word notes The expression "beyond reproach" is often used to indicate that one must not only be careful to do everything right, but must be careful not to do anything that might make people suspect they did something wrong. For example, politicians often need to behave in a manner that is beyond reproach.

"Beyond reproach" can also suggest that something is perfect. More rarely, it can also be used to suggest that someone is too powerful or too well-connected to criticize.
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diligentcareful and hardworking
She's the kind of diligent worker we want to hire.more
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It's quite possible for someone to be temporarily unable to work, but that's just the right time to remember what's been achieved in the past and consider that later on, once the difficulty has been removed, he will certainly work with all the more diligence and concentration.†1 more
diligentdiligence:hard work and care
Show general definition for diligent (as in: she is diligent) working carefully and steadily with effort and attention to detail
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resolvedetermination (firmness of purpose)
She never waivered in her resolve to attend a good college.more
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Gregor went and waited immediately by the door, resolved either to bring the timorous visitor into the room in some way or at least to find out who it was;1 more
resolveresolved:having firmly decided
Show general definition for resolve (as in: Her resolve weakened.) firmness of purpose (strong determination to do something)
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contracta written agreement that is enforceable by law
She signed the contract.more
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Maybe you haven't read the latest contracts I sent in.1 more
contractcontracts:legal agreements
Show general definition for contract (as in: legal contract) an agreement - typically written and enforceable by law
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dissuadepersuade someone not to do something
The ad features a woman dying of lung throat cancer in an attempt to dissuade people from starting to smoke cigarettes.more
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So she refused to let her mother dissuade her.1 more
stop
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austerelacking luxury (and stern)
He took a vow of silence and leads an austere life at the monastery.more
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Meanwhile the day had become much lighter; part of the endless, grey-black building on the other side of the street - which was a hospital - could be seen quite clearly with the austere and regular line of windows piercing its facade;
notable for absence of luxury, comfort, or decoration
Show general definition a notable absence of luxury, comfort, or decoration

or:

of a person:  stern in manner; or practicing great self-denial
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subordinateless important or subservient
At that time, women were thought subordinate to men in political matters.more
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And it's a funny sort of business to be sitting up there at your desk, talking down at your subordinates from up there, especially when you have to go right up close because the boss is hard of hearing.†
subordinatesubordinates:less important or subservient; OR  to rank as such
Show general definition less important or subservient; or to rank as such
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engrossedwith all attention focused
She was so engrossed in her conversation; she didn't realize the bell had rung.more
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His mother was not far away in front of him and seemed, at first, quite engrossed in herself, but then she suddenly...
Show general definition for engrossed (as in: engrossed in the book) with all attention focused
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lethargiclacking energy
I'm hoping a cold iced tea will help me get past this lethargic feeling.more
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Long after he had finished eating and lay lethargic in the same place, his sister...
without energy
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albeitalthough (used to introduce a phrase that reduces or modifies the effect of what preceded it)
She is just a person, albeit a very powerful person.more
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Perhaps only because her mother was there, she remained calm, bent her face to her so that she would not look round and said, albeit hurriedly and with a tremor in her voice: "Come on, let's go back in the living room for a while?"
although (used to introduce a phrase that reduces the effect of what preceded it)