All 3 Uses of

resume
in
The Idiot

Burdovsky silently resumed his seat, and bent his head as though in profound thought.†
Chpt 2.9 *

resumed = began again

A movement of impatience was noticed in his audience as he resumed: "I merely wish to state, for the information of all concerned, that the reason for Mr. Pavlicheff's interest in your mother, Mr. Burdovsky, was simply that she was the sister of a serf-girl with whom he was deeply in love in his youth, and whom most certainly he would have married but for her sudden death.†
Chpt 2.9

Definitions:

(1) (resume as in: resume the meeting)
begin or take again

This sense of resume generally means to begin again or continue after a pause. In usage like, "resumed her seat", it scan also mean to take again.
(2) (résumé as in: submitted her résumé)
a brief summary of a person's qualifications to do something -- typically submitted with an employment application

In practice, résumé is often written without the accented e's.
(3) (meaning too rare to warrant focus)
meaning too rare to warrant focus:

Less commonly, résumé can refer to any summary.