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100 Words Encountered in

Architecture

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buttress
as in:
a flying buttress
The buttress wall supports the main wall while preserving an open feel in the house.
buttress = an architectural feature that supports the wall of a building
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flying buttress
At that time, the English used the flying buttress more elegantly.†
flying buttress = an arch or half-arch that transfers thrust from an upper part of a wall to a lower support
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truss
The same trusses carry the weight of the roof and the ceiling.†
trusses = a structural form (rigid, web-like assembly of smaller — usually triangular members) that supports a roof, bridge or other structure
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Library2 uses in 10 avg bks
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computer-aided design
AutoCAD is a popular computer-aided design software package.†
computer-aided design = the use of computer software in designing products — especially involving graphic display of the product being designed
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masonry
Falling masonry is dangerous in an earthquake.
masonry = stone or brick parts of a structure such as a building or wall; or the craft of building with such materials
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cornice
It is inscribed on the school building's cornice.†
cornice = a decorative border along the top of a building's exterior wall

or:

a decorative molding between the ceiling and the top of a wall

or:

hardened snow that hangs over a ridge or precipice
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facade
Beneath the facade of ideology was an individual who wanted absolute power.†
facade = face or visible appearance
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Library8 uses in 10 avg bks
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cupola
Possibly the most famous cupola is that at Saint Peter's Cathedral at the Vatican.
cupola = an architectural feature at the top of a roof, usually dome-shaped and opened by windows or columns
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Library2 uses in 10 avg bks
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cantilevered
Frank Lloyd Wright liked to cantilever his buildings.†
cantilever = of a projecting horizontal beam fixed at one end only
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landmark
It was a landmark Supreme Court decision.
landmark = very important
DefinitionGenerally landmark means:
something very important

or:

something easily recognized (such as a monument, building, or geographic feature) — especially one that helps one to know where she is; or that is a tourist destination
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symmetry
The building has multiple local symmetries.
symmetries = balance among the parts of something
DefinitionGenerally symmetry means:
balance among the parts of something

or more specifically:

having an exact reflection of form on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane
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Bauhaus
Bauhaus had a major influence on modern design.†
Bauhaus = German style of architecture begun by Walter Gropius in 1918 and a strong influence on modern architecture
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partition
a movable partition can divide the ballroom into two smaller rooms†
partition = something that divides space, the act of dividing into parts, or a divided part
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transverse
About one in 300 pregnancies have a transverse fetus at delivery.†
transverse = in a crosswise direction (at a right angle to the long axis)
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piazza
They filmed it at the Piazza Navona in Rome.
piazza = Italian term for a plaza (large open square created or defined by several buildings forming a perimeter enclosure)
DefinitionGenerally piazza means:
architecture:  Italian term for a plaza (large open square created or defined by several buildings forming a perimeter enclosure)
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Library2 uses in 10 avg bks
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anteroom
He was searched again in the anteroom before entering her office.
anteroom = a room leading to a larger or more important room
DefinitionGenerally anteroom means:
a room leading to a larger or more important room — especially a waiting room
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Library1 uses in 10 avg bks
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postmodernism

with regard to architecture
Postmodern architects may consider many modern buildings to be soulless.
postmodern = aims to please, surprise or amuse by dismissing the logic, simplicity, and order inherent in modernist architecture and by combining different styles or shapes in unexpected ways
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Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture flourished during the mid and late medieval period.†
Gothic architecture = a style of architecture characterized by slender vertical piers and counterbalancing buttresses and by vaulting and pointed arches — famously popularized in European cathedrals built between the 12th and 16th centuries
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neoclassicism
She experimented with neoclassicism.†
neoclassicism = revival of a classical style (in art or literature or architecture or music) but from a new perspective or with a new motivation
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acoustic
2 meanings
as in:
auditorium acoustics
The auditorium has fabulous acoustics.
acoustics = sound quality based on such things as the surfaces off of which sound bounces
DefinitionGenerally this sense of acoustic means:
sound quality or its study based on such things as the surfaces off of which sound bounces — such as how well a voice on stage can be heard in the back of an auditorium, or how noisy a restaurant sounds
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Library2 uses in 10 avg bks
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as in:
acoustic guitar
She plays an acoustic guitar.
acoustic = not using electricity to amplify sound
DefinitionGenerally this sense of acoustic means:
of a guitar or other musical instrument:  not using electricity to amplify sound
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Library1 uses in 10 avg bks
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insulate
as in:
insulate the attic
We had his bedroom insulated before winter came.
insulated = added material to reduce heat transfer
DefinitionGenerally this sense of insulate means:
to separate two things to prevent passage of something such as heat, cold, noise, or electricity — often by covering one of the things with a material
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insolation
Tall windows facing the equator increase insolation in the winter relative to the summer because the sun is lower in the sky during the winter.†
insolation = exposure to sunlight — especially for a therapeutic purpose

or:

sunstroke (collapsing from excessive exposure to the sun or to heat)

or:

engineering & astronomy:  the rate of solar radiation on a surface
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seismic
They are reviewing old seismic surveys with new software.†
seismic = subject to or caused by an earthquake or earth vibration
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annex
as in:
annex of the main building
The YMCA added an annex where younger children can play.
annex = an addition that extends a main building
DefinitionGenerally this sense of annex means:
an addition that extends a main building

or:

to attach something — especially to something larger or more important
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keystone
the keystone of campaign reform was the ban on soft money
keystone = something of importance upon which other things depend
DefinitionGenerally keystone means:
something of importance upon which other things depend

or:

architecture or masonry:  the central building block at the top of an arch or vault (providing pressure to lock the other blocks into place)
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fresco
I love Michelangelo's ceiling fresco in the Sistine Chapel.†
fresco = a method of artistic painting on a wall by using watercolors on wet plaster; or the painting made in such a manner
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alcove
a beautiful room with an alcove window
alcove = a recessed or secluded space — such as in a room or garden
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ratio
There is much interesting study on the predictive value of the ratio of the length of the index finger to the ring finger within a given gender and race.
ratio = relative lengths
DefinitionGenerally ratio means:
the relative magnitudes of two quantities — often expressed as a:b (which could also be expressed as the fraction a/b)
Word Statistics
Library4 uses in 10 avg bks
SAT®top 1000
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coefficient
as in:
coefficient of thermal expansion
Determine the coefficient of friction between the two objects.
coefficient = physics:  a constant number that serves as a measure of some property or characteristic (such as the coefficient of thermal expansion)
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prominent
as in:
a prominent politician
She is a prominent member of our community.
prominent = well-known and respected
DefinitionGenerally this sense of prominent means:
well-known or important — especially of a person who is respected
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colonnade
It was raining, so they stayed under the colonnade as they walked along the rose garden.†
colonnade = a series of regularly spaced columns
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peristyle
The peristyle is paved with white marble.†
peristyle = a colonnade (series of regularly spaced columns) surrounding a building or enclosing a courtyard
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compliant
as in:
compliant with the law
The company was fined for not being regulation 4.3 compliant.
compliant = conforming to rules
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pavilion
We're meeting for a picnic under the pavilion at the park.
pavilion = large roofed structure without walls
DefinitionGenerally pavilion means:
a large structure separate from a main structure
in various senses, including:
  • a large roofed structure without walls — often found in parks
  • a temporary structure — such as a large tent to house exhibits at a fair, to provide sports facilities, or to put on a show
  • a section of a large hospital or office complex adjacent to other parts
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auxiliary
We have an auxiliary power system in case of a blackout.†
auxiliary = functioning in a subsidiary or supporting capacity
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basilica
We visited St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City.
basilica = in Roman architecture, a public building for assemblies

or:

a Roman Catholic church or cathedral given certain privileges (typically architecturally similar to earlier Roman public buildings of the same name)
DefinitionGenerally basilica means:
in Roman architecture, a public building for assemblies

or:

a Roman Catholic church or cathedral accorded certain privileges (typically architecturally similar to earlier Roman basilica)
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rule of thumb
As a rule of thumb, we estimate that employees cost 150% of their hourly wage.†
rule of thumb = a simple procedure used to approximating a value or make a good decision
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condemn
as in:
condemned the building
The building was condemned by the inspector.
condemned = found a building not suitable to be occupied
DefinitionGenerally this sense of condemn means:
an official government finding that a building is not suitable to be occupied
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render
as in:
rendered interpretation
The pianist rendered the Beethoven sonata beautifully.
rendered = played (portrayed or gave her interpretation of)
DefinitionGenerally this sense of render means:
to portray or create something in a particular way; or to interpret, translate, or extract from
The exact meaning of this sense of render depends upon its context. For example:
  • "Each artist will render a different interpretation when painting a portrait." — create in a particular way
  • "A Supreme Court judge may render his own interpretation of the Constitution." — interpret in a particular way
  • "The computer you are using, rendered this page from software instructions." — created through interpretation
  • "A graph is rendered from the underlying data." — made
  • "Fat can be rendered (extracted) by cooking meat slowly." — extracted from
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Library6 uses in 10 avg bks
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corrosion
The bridge is painted each year to protect the steel from salt air corrosion.†
corrosion = a state of deterioration — especially in metals
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protrude
Metal spikes protrude from the dog's collar.
protrude = stick out
DefinitionGenerally protrude means:
to stick out from
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conduit
Building codes requires the wires be run in a conduit.†
conduit = passageway
DefinitionGenerally conduit means:
a passageway
in various senses, including:
  • a pipe or channel for water
  • a protective pipe through which electrical wires are run
  • someone or something that conveys information or goods
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foreman
She complained to the shop foreman.
foreman = a person who is in charge of other workers

or:

a juror in a court case who is selected by other jurors to head the jury
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ordinance
The city passed an ordinance to increase the minimum wage to $15 per hour.
ordinance = law
DefinitionGenerally this sense of ordinance means:
a rule or law — typically enacted by city government
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abut
The property is zoned for commercial use, but it abuts residential property.†
abuts = is adjacent to another (shares a boundary)
DefinitionGenerally abut means:
adjacent (share a boundary)
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contiguous
Texas is the largest of the contiguous 48 states.
contiguous = sharing boundaries
DefinitionGenerally contiguous means:
with a common boundary; or very close in space or time
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proximity
They selected the offices for their proximity to D.C. political power.†
proximity = close together — in space or time
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continuity
Despite maintaining continuity in an alternate world, each episode can stand alone as a complete story.
continuity = consistency
DefinitionGenerally continuity means:
consistency or lacking interruption
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juxtaposition
Shakespeare often makes us think by juxtaposing contrasting concepts like youth and age or freedom and responsibility.
juxtaposing = positioning dissimilar things side-x-side (usually to contrast)
DefinitionGenerally juxtaposition means:
the act of positioning dissimilar things side-x-side (usually to contrast)
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lattice
The house has a decorative lattice fence in front.
lattice = a pattern made from crisscrossing two sets of lines diagonally
DefinitionGenerally lattice means:
an object or pattern made from crisscrossing two sets of lines — leaving diamond- or square-shaped spaces where they do not overlap

or:

an arrangement of points or particles or objects in a regular periodic pattern
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contract
as in:
legal contract
She signed the contract.
contract = a written agreement that is enforceable by law
DefinitionGenerally this sense of contract means:
an agreement - typically written and enforceable by law
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Library12 uses in 10 avg bks
SAT®top 1000
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apex
It was written during the apex of Roman power, wealth, and stability.
apex = the highest point
DefinitionGenerally apex means:
the highest point of something
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SAT®top 2000
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perimeter
Don't go beyond the perimeter of the campgrounds.
perimeter = outer edges
DefinitionGenerally perimeter means:
the outer edge
The exact meaning of perimeter can depend upon its context. For example:
  • "Stay inside the defensive perimeter." — the outer edges of the area that is defended
  • "It is common on the city's perimeter." — the outer edges of the city
  • "What is the perimeter of the square?" — the sum of the length of the sides of a geometric shape
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premise
as in:
located on the premises
She was injured on the premises of the defendant.
premises = property
DefinitionGenerally this sense of premises means:
land and/or buildings — especially of a business or organization
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deteriorate
The situation could quickly deteriorate.
deteriorate = become worse
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coherent
She presented a compelling and coherent plan.
coherent = sensible and clear
DefinitionGenerally coherent means:
sensible and clear; or describing parts as fitting together in a consistent or pleasing manner
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SAT®top 1000
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constraint
I will devote my full energy to the project, without constraint.
constraint = limitation
DefinitionGenerally constraint means:
limitation (something that limits something else)
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SAT®top 2000
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arbor
The arbor provided a shady resting place in the park.
arbor = a framework that supports climbing plants
DefinitionGenerally this sense of arbor means:
a framework that supports climbing plants; or a shady rest area made by such a framework or by trees and shrubs
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medieval
The story takes place during medieval times.
medieval = relating to or belonging to the Middle Ages
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contemporary
as in:
contemporary design
It's easier to find outstanding books when selecting from those that have been in print for a long time, but were it not for that I would prefer modern literature with its contemporary language, issues, and ideas.
contemporary = characteristic of or belonging to the present time
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Library2 uses in 10 avg bks
SAT®top 1000
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renaissance
2 meanings

(with a lowercase "r")
When she was elected, she promised a renaissance in Detroit.†
renaissance = a revival of learning and culture — especially in the arts
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(with an uppercase "R")
We're visiting the museum to see the exhibit of Renaissance art.
Renaissance = the period of European history known for a revival of intellectual and artistic achievement (14th through mid-17th centuries)
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facilitate
After the initial answers, the moderator will facilitate an open discussion of the topic.†
facilitate = make easier
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aesthetic
It was not aesthetically pleasing.
aesthetically = related to beauty or good taste
DefinitionGenerally aesthetic means:
related to beauty or good taste — often referring to one's appreciation of beauty or one's sense of what is beautiful

or:

beautiful or tasteful
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Library4 uses in 10 avg bks
SAT®top 1000
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criteria
We're considering five primary criteria as we compare job applicants.
criteria = reference points against which things can be evaluated
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transparent
as in:
transparent shower door
The transparent shower door shows water spots.
transparent = capable of being seen through with clarity
DefinitionGenerally this sense of transparent means:
able to be seen through with clarity
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SAT®top 1000
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opaque
as in:
opaque shower door
They are engineering a window that can convert from transparent to opaque with the push of a button.
opaque = unable to be seen through
DefinitionGenerally this sense of opaque means:
not able to see through
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translucent
I could see a vague form through the translucent glass.
translucent = almost transparent; allowing light to pass through diffusely
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mosaic
The museum preserved a beautiful mosaic floor.
mosaic = art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass
DefinitionGenerally mosaic means:
art consisting of a design made of many pieces of colored material such as stone or tile

or more rarely:

anything made of many differing parts of equal importance, but varying appearance
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flexible
The job has flexible working hours.
flexible = adaptable to different conditions
DefinitionGenerally flexible means:
bendable or adaptable
in various senses, including:
  • easily bent without physical damage or injury — as of a hose or gymnast
  • able to adjust readily to different conditions — as of a plan
  • willing to make concessions — as of a negotiator or a boss
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Library5 uses in 10 avg bks
SAT®top 1000
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plumb
Don't assume ghosts if your door swings by itself. It is probably not plumb.
plumb = exactly vertical or straight
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comprised
The university is comprised of six colleges.
comprised = made up of (composed of)
DefinitionGenerally comprised means:
made up of (composed of); or included
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SAT®top 1000
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vertical
The architect used long vertical lines to pull the eye upward.
vertical = oriented straight up and down (90 degrees relative to the floor)
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horizontal
Paintings in which horizontal lines dominate, tend to be relaxing.
horizontal = in line with the floor, horizon, or another flat base
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diagonal
The artist used diagonal lines to create tension.†
diagonal = a straight line connecting opposite corners of a rectangle; or any slope that could connect the corners of an imaginary rectangle that has one side parallel to the floor
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derivative
a highly derivative prose style
derivative = something developed from something else
DefinitionGenerally derivative means:
something developed from something else
in various senses, including:
  • a word based on another word — as in "Quickly is a derivative of quick."
  • a mathematical value from a function — as in "We can derive X from Y," or "X is a derivative of Y."
  • a type of investment whose value is based on another value — as in "We provide various derivatives that can protect against inflation."
  • a work of art such as a film or painting that lacks ideas not previously expressed in other works of art — as in "Her work is too derivative to interest me."
  • work based upon or influenced by prior work — as in "The book surveys psychological ideas derivative of, but not totally dependent on B.F. Skinner."
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right angle
The lines intersect at right angles.†
right angles = an angle measuring 90 degrees (like the angle between a classroom floor and wall)
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acute
as in:
an acute angle
Roofs at acute angles are common in snow country.
acute angles = sharp (pointed)
DefinitionGenerally this sense of acute angle means:
ending in a narrow point or angle; or describing an angle measuring less than 90 degrees
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obtuse angle
He wanted a roof with a more obtuse angle, so it would be safer to walk on it.†
obtuse angle = an angle measuring between 90 and 180 degrees
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convex
Convex mirrors make things look smaller and farther away than they are.†
convex = angled or curving outward
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invert
We rode an inverted loop roller coaster.
inverted = turned in the opposite position — such as upside down, inside out
DefinitionGenerally invert means:
to turn something in the opposite position — such as upside down, inside out, or (of two things) in switched position
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fabricate
as in:
fabricate metal parts
A full machine shop allows them to quickly fabricate parts and create test fixtures.
fabricate = make or manufacture
DefinitionGenerally this sense of fabricate means:
to make or manufacture something — especially by assembling components
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ostentatious
Although wealthy, the family is not ostentatious.
ostentatious = showy (trying to attract notice and impress others in a manner seen as in bad taste)
DefinitionGenerally ostentatious means:
intended to attract notice and impress others — especially with wealth in a vulgar way
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utilitarian
She likes plain utilitarian kitchenware.
utilitarian = designed for usefulness rather than beauty or style
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synthetic
The couch is covered with synthetic leather.
synthetic = artificial (man-made rather than natural)
DefinitionGenerally synthetic means:
artificial (man-made rather than natural); or not genuine
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SAT®top 1000
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foliage
It's difficult to spot the birds in the foliage.
foliage = plant leaves
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ingenious
It is an ingenious solution to the problem. It is as reliable as it is easy.
ingenious = showing cleverness and originality
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elegant
2 meanings
as in:
an elegant gown
She was an elegant bride.
elegant = refined and tasteful
DefinitionGenerally this sense of elegant means:
refined and tasteful in appearance, behavior or style
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as in:
as elegant equation
It is an elegant solution that will reduce complexity and save material.
elegant = a solution that is simpler (and often more comprehensive) than most would anticipate
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promenade
The ladies promenaded along the beach
promenaded = walked leisurely in a public place
DefinitionGenerally promenade means:
a public pathway for leisurely walking — especially one near the ocean

or:

walking leisurely — especially in a public place
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obstruct
obstruct the path
obstruct = block
DefinitionGenerally obstruct means:
to block or hinder
The exact meaning of obstruct can depend upon its context. For example:
  • "obstruct the path" — block passage through
  • "obstruct justice" — hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of
  • "obstruct her view" — get in the way so as to hide from sight
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linear
a linear measurement
linear = relating to a line
DefinitionGenerally linear means:
relating to a line
The exact meaning of linear can depend upon its context. For example:
  • "linear foot" — measured along a straight line (in one dimension)
  • "linear arrangement" — placed along a straight line
  • "linear thinking" — in a clear, straightforward sequence
  • "linear programming" — describing a proportional relationship that can be graphed with a straight line (described mathematically as an equation whose terms are of the first degree)
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bronze
as in:
bronze won't corrode in salt water
The sculpture of a bull on Wall Street is made of bronze.
bronze = a brownish metal that is made of copper and (usually) tin
DefinitionGenerally this sense of bronze means:
a brownish-colored metal with red or yellow hues that is made of copper and (usually) tin
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bevel
a beveled mirror
beveled = two surfaces meeting at an angle (that isn't 90 degrees)

(editor's note:  See the Google Images link on the word detail page to see samples.)
DefinitionGenerally this sense of bevel means:
two surfaces meeting at an angle (that isn't 90 degrees)

See this Google Images link for beveled edge to see samples.
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colleague
The surgeon consulted his colleagues.
colleagues = fellow workers
DefinitionGenerally colleague means:
fellow worker — especially in a respected profession such as teaching, medicine, or law
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SAT®top 1000
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sheer
as in:
a sheer blouse
In the kitchen, I want sheer curtains that I can see through.
sheer = so thin and delicate as to be transparent
DefinitionGenerally this sense of sheer means:
typically of fabric:  very thin and delicate — often transparent
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optimal
It is the optimal solution.†
optimal = most desirable possible — often given the circumstances
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ornate
The hotel is decorated with ornate furniture, lots of carved designs, and gold leaf gilding.
ornate = having lots of decorative detail
DefinitionGenerally ornate means:
of a thing:  having lots of decorative detail

of speech:  more complicated than necessary because of unusual words and phrases (fans might call it flowery or finely finished, but most would call it too complicated or showy)
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concentric
Stonehenge consists of massive stones arranged into concentric circles.†
concentric = shapes having a common center, axis or origin with one inside the other
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† 
Sample usage followed by this mark was not checked by an editor. Please let us know if you spot a problem.
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