Epistle II of An Essay On Man — Vocabulary
Alexander Pope
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
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varybe different
Your mileage may vary.more
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  Yes, Nature's road must ever be preferred;
  Reason is here no guide, but still a guard:
  'Tis hers to rectify, not overthrow,
  And treat this passion more as friend than foe:
  A mightier power the strong direction sends,
  And several men impels to several ends:
  Like varying winds, by other passions tossed,
  This drives them constant to a certain coast.†1 more
varyvarying:differing; or changing
Show general definition to be different, or to change
Show editor's word notes Vary is often used to describe small differences or changes--especially about things of the same type. It would be more common to say "The weight of full-grown elephants varies depending upon diet and other factors," than to say "The weight of elephants varies from that of mice."
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stoicunemotional
She suffered quietly, courageously, with a stoic acceptance of her illness.more
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  In lazy apathy let stoics boast
  Their virtue fixed; 'tis fixed as in a frost;
  Contracted all, retiring to the breast;
  But strength of mind is exercise, not rest:
  The rising tempest puts in act the soul,
  Parts it may ravage, but preserves the whole.†1 more
stoicStoics:people who try to be unaffected by pleasure, pain, or emotions
Show general definition seeming unaffected by pleasure, pain, or emotions
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prudentsensible and careful
She was promoted to manager because she is so prudent.more
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  See anger, zeal and fortitude supply;
  Even avarice, prudence; sloth, philosophy;
  Lust, through some certain strainers well refined,
  Is gentle love, and charms all womankind;
  Envy, to which th' ignoble mind's a slave,
  Is emulation in the learned or brave;
  Nor virtue, male or female, can we name,
  But what will grow on pride, or grow on shame.†
prudentprudence:good sense and caution
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diversevaried (in this case, of different ethnic groups and genders)
The college wants a diverse student body.more
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  On life's vast ocean diversely we sail,
  Reason the card, but passion is the gale;
  Nor God alone in the still calm we find,
  He mounts the storm, and walks upon the wind.†
diversediversely:varied; OR (having differences amongst things of the same kind)
Show general definition varied or (having differences amongst things of the same kind) -- especially with regard to ideas or members of a population group
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biasbiasbiased:has a prejudice that prevents objective consideration
Everyone knows she is too biased to act as an impartial judge.more
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  Thus Nature gives us (let it check our pride)
  The virtue nearest to our vice allied:
  Reason the bias turns to good from ill
  And Nero reigns a Titus, if he will.†
a personal preference; or any tendency to move in a particular direction
Show general definition a tendency to favor one side -- in people, a prejudice that affects fair judgment; more generally, any built-in lean to move or behave in a particular way (like a car that pulls right)
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emulateimitate (copy)
It wasn't just that she copied her older sister's hairstyle. She tried to emulate her in every way.more
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  See anger, zeal and fortitude supply;
  Even avarice, prudence; sloth, philosophy;
  Lust, through some certain strainers well refined,
  Is gentle love, and charms all womankind;
  Envy, to which th' ignoble mind's a slave,
  Is emulation in the learned or brave;
  Nor virtue, male or female, can we name,
  But what will grow on pride, or grow on shame.†
emulateemulation:imitation
Show general definition imitate (copy or match)
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zealactive interest and enthusiasm
She attacks each challenge with zeal.more
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  See anger, zeal and fortitude supply;
  Even avarice, prudence; sloth, philosophy;
  Lust, through some certain strainers well refined,
  Is gentle love, and charms all womankind;
  Envy, to which th' ignoble mind's a slave,
  Is emulation in the learned or brave;
  Nor virtue, male or female, can we name,
  But what will grow on pride, or grow on shame.†
Show general definition active interest and enthusiasm
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abhorabhorabhors:hates
She abhors violence.more
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  The fiery soul abhorred in Catiline,
  In Decius charms, in Curtius is divine:
  The same ambition can destroy or save,
  And makes a patriot as it makes a knave.†
abhorabhorred:hated or detested
Show general definition to hate or detest something
Show editor's word notes Synonym Comparison (if you're into word choice):

As compared to "hate", "despise", or "loathe", "abhor" is often chosen to indicate moral revulsion.
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aspireaspireaspiring:hoping to be successful
The aspiring scientist set her sights on curing cancer, a goal that would require years of hard work and dedication.more
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  Self-love and reason to one end aspire,
  Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire;
  But greedy that, its object would devour,
  This taste the honey, and not wound the flower:
  Pleasure, or wrong or rightly understood,
  Our greatest evil, or our greatest good.†
hope to be successful
Show general definition to hope to be successful -- especially in a career
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aversiondislike that leads to avoidance
Of the two, she has a greater aversion to risk.more
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  Self-love and reason to one end aspire,
  Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire;
  But greedy that, its object would devour,
  This taste the honey, and not wound the flower:
  Pleasure, or wrong or rightly understood,
  Our greatest evil, or our greatest good.†
Show general definition dislike that leads to avoidance
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bestowgive (as an honor)
They gave her the highest honor they can bestow.more
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  See some strange comfort every state attend,
  And pride bestowed on all, a common friend;
  See some fit passion every age supply,
  Hope travels through, nor quits us when we die.†
bestowbestowed:gave
Show general definition to give -- typically to present as an honor or give as a gift
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ingeniousshowing cleverness and originality
It is an ingenious solution to the problem. It is as reliable as it is easy.more
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  Trace Science, then, with Modesty thy guide;
  First strip off all her equipage of pride;
  Deduct what is but vanity or dress,
  Or learning's luxury, or idleness;
  Or tricks to show the stretch of human brain,
  Mere curious pleasure, or ingenious pain;
  Expunge the whole, or lop th' excrescent parts
  Of all our vices have created arts;
  Then see how little the remaining sum,
  Which served the past, and must the times to come!†
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obstinatestubbornly not doing what others want
She is an obstinate child who will not follow the family rules.more
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  What crops of wit and honesty appear
  From spleen, from obstinacy, hate, or fear!†
obstinateobstinacy:the trait of being stubborn in not doing what others want
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subdueovercome and control
She was threatening people with a knife, but police used a Taser to subdue her.more
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  As man, perhaps, the moment of his breath
  Receives the lurking principle of death;
  The young disease that must subdue at length,
  Grows with his growth, and strengthens with his strength:
  So, cast and mingled with his very frame,
  The mind's disease, its ruling passion came;
  Each vital humour which should feed the whole,
  Soon flows to this, in body and in soul:
  Whatever warms the heart, or fills the head,
  As the mind opens, and its functions spread,
  Imagination plies her dangerous art,
  And pours it all upon the peccant part.†
control or put down by force or intimidation
Show general definition for subdue (as a verb as in: subdued the opposition) to control, prevent, or make less intense -- sometimes through force
The exact meaning of subdue depends upon its context. For example:
  • "subdued a nation" -- defeated militarily and brought under control
  • "subdued the fever" -- made it less intense or defeated it
  • "subdued her enthusiasm" -- made it less intense
  • "subdued her fears" -- made them less intense or overcame them
  • "subdued my emotions" -- kept them under control
  • "subdued the crowd" -- quieted or controlled it
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apathylack of interest and enthusiasm
Seeing too much senior apathy, the high school began having juniors declare a major for their senior year.more
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  In lazy apathy let stoics boast
  Their virtue fixed; 'tis fixed as in a frost;
  Contracted all, retiring to the breast;
  But strength of mind is exercise, not rest:
  The rising tempest puts in act the soul,
  Parts it may ravage, but preserves the whole.†
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avariceexcessive desire for wealth
We can try both to minimize greed and avarice and to channel them into directions beneficial to society.more
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  See anger, zeal and fortitude supply;
  Even avarice, prudence; sloth, philosophy;
  Lust, through some certain strainers well refined,
  Is gentle love, and charms all womankind;
  Envy, to which th' ignoble mind's a slave,
  Is emulation in the learned or brave;
  Nor virtue, male or female, can we name,
  But what will grow on pride, or grow on shame.†
Show general definition excessive desire for wealth
Show editor's word notes Like "greed", but implies greed specifically for money. The early Christian Church counted avarice as one of the "seven deadly sins."
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capriciousunpredictable
Nothing seems more capricious than a tornado.more
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  That counter-works each folly and caprice;
  That disappoints th' effect of every vice;
  That, happy frailties to all ranks applied,
  Shame to the virgin, to the matron pride,
  Fear to the statesman, rashness to the chief,
  To kings presumption, and to crowds belief:
  That, virtue's ends from vanity can raise,
  Which seeks no interest, no reward but praise;
  And build on wants, and on defects of mind,
  The joy, the peace, the glory of mankind.†
capriciouscaprice:impulsiveness or unpredictability
Show general definition impulsive or unpredictable or tending to make sudden changes -- especially impulsive behavior
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fortitudestrength of mind
She has physical strength and mental fortitude.more
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  See anger, zeal and fortitude supply;
  Even avarice, prudence; sloth, philosophy;
  Lust, through some certain strainers well refined,
  Is gentle love, and charms all womankind;
  Envy, to which th' ignoble mind's a slave,
  Is emulation in the learned or brave;
  Nor virtue, male or female, can we name,
  But what will grow on pride, or grow on shame.†
strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage
Show general definition strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage
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indolentindolentindolence:laziness
She never recovered from the indolence of her youth.more
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  Let power or knowledge, gold or glory, please,
  Or (oft more strong than all) the love of ease;
  Through life 'tis followed, even at life's expense;
  The merchant's toil, the sage's indolence,
  The monk's humility, the hero's pride,
  All, all alike, find reason on their side.†
Show general definition for indolent (as in: she is naturally indolent) lazy; disinclined to work
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rectifycorrect, fix, or make right
I am doing what I can to rectify the error.more
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  Yes, Nature's road must ever be preferred;
  Reason is here no guide, but still a guard:
  'tis hers to rectify, not overthrow,
  And treat this passion more as friend than foe:
correct