Ask Not What Your Country Can Do For You — Vocabulary
John F. Kennedy
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
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endeavorendeavorendeavored:tried or attempted
I endeavored to get both sides to agree to a compromise.more
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The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it — and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.†1 more
to attempt; OR  a project or activity attempted
Show general definition to attempt; or a project or activity attempted
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tyrannya form of government where some people control others in a harsh, unfair manner
The U.S. constitution was designed with checks and balances and limited government to protect Americans from tyranny.more
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To those new States whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny.†1 more
harsh and unjust rule
Show general definition harsh and unjust rule
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allianceassociation formed to support common interests
The Islamic governments formed an alliance to defeat Israel.more
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To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge -- to convert our good words into good deeds in a new alliance for progress -- to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty.1 more
Show general definition an association formed to support common interests
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adversaryopponent
She is his greatest adversary.more
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Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request -- that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.
Show general definition an opponent
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heedheedheedlessness:pay close attention to
Heed the advice of those who have been there before.more
Show context notes The suffix "-lessness" in heedlessness means in a state without. This is the same pattern you see in words like fearlessness, powerlessness, and harmlessness.
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Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah — to "undo the heavy burdens...and let the oppressed go free."†
pay close attention to; or do what is suggested
Show general definition pay close attention to; or to do what is suggested -- especially with regard to a warning or other advice
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prescribeprescribeprescribed:gave medical instructions instructing that the patient should take
The doctor prescribed an antibiotic for the infection.more
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For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.†
prescribeprescribed:recommended or required what should be done  OR  (of a medical doctor) gave medical instructions -- such as writing that a patient should take antibiotics
Show general definition to recommend or require what should be done

or more specifically:

of a medical doctor:  to give medical instructions -- such as writing that a patient should take antibiotics
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republicrepublicrepublics:governmental systems in which a majority of citizens elect representatives to make laws
The United States and each of its states are republics.more
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To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge — to convert our good words into good deeds in a new alliance for progress — to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty.†
Show general definition for republic (as in: the country is a republic) of a system of government in which a majority of citizens elect representatives to make laws; or someone in favor of such a form of government
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communisman economic system that abolishes private ownership of property with the goal of a classless society
A challenge with communism is that it is harder to know how to allocate capital when prices are subjective rather than the product of individual valuations.†more
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To those peoples in the huts and villages across the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required, not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right.†
communismcommunists:people who support an economic system that abolishes private ownership of property with the goal of a classless society
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testimonythe statement of a witness at a trial
Her emotional testimony moved the jury.more
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Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.†
something that serves as evidence -- especially a statement at a trial or hearing
Show general definition something that serves as evidence -- especially a statement at a trial or hearing
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consciencemoral judgment of personal behavior
I have a guilty conscience and want to make it right.more
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With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.†
feeling or appraisal of having personally behaved in a morally right or wrong manner
Show general definition feeling or judgment of morally right or wrong personal behavior
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invokeinvokeinvokes:calls upon
Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God. Each invokes God's aid against the other.Abraham Lincoln (Second Inaugural Address)more
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Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.
bring forth
Show general definition to call upon
The exact meaning of invoke can depend upon its context. For example:
  • "invoking God's help"; or "invoking the spirit of the dead" -- to call upon a great or magical power
  • "I invoke the First Amendment"; or "I invoke the words of Thomas Jefferson" -- to cite or call upon for validation
  • "She invoked his sympathy and family memories." -- to call upon someone's feelings or memories
  • "She invoked his assistance." -- to call earnestly for
  • "The program invokes the subroutine" -- to call up a computer program
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subversiongradual destruction
The Chinese activist was imprisoned for encouraging subversion of state power.more
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Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas.
gradual destruction (of something previously established) -- such as a government, rule, or belief
Show general definition gradual destruction (of something previously established) -- such as a government, rule, or belief
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eradicateeliminate
The city's health department launched a campaign to eradicate the spread of the virus by promoting vaccinations and hygiene practices.more
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Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.†
eliminate or destroy completely
Show general definition eliminate or destroy completely
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abolishabolishabolishing:eliminating (doing away with)
She is in favor of abolishing the death penalty.more
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For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.†
eliminate
Show general definition eliminate (end, or do away with)
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clergyformal religious leaders
She was surprised to hear a member of the clergy talk like that.more
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Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens, we observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom — symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning — signifying renewal, as well as change.†
formal religious leaders (typically in Christianity)
Show general definition formal religious leaders (typically in Christianity)
Show editor's word notes Clergy is typically used in reference to Christian churches; however, clerics (members of the clergy) are referred to in different ways for different denominations. A Catholic priest is the equivalent of a Protestant minister. A pastor is any Christian cleric in charge of a congregation or parish. The clergy is distinguished from the laity.
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temperedmade less extreme
Her criticism was tempered with kindly sympathy.more
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Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.
Show general definition for tempered (as in: bad news tempered by kindness) made less extreme
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summonsummonsummoned:called to come
I was summoned to the principal's office.more
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Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.†1 more
summonsummoned:called forth; or called to come
Show general definition to call to appear, come, or take action -- often used for official or serious situations, including legal notices or emotional/spiritual urges
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sufficientadequate (enough)
We have sufficient supplies.more
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For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.†
adequate (enough -- often without being more than is needed)
Show general definition adequate (enough -- often without being more than is needed)
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solemnvery serious
He took a solemn oath.more
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For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.†
very serious--possibly dignified
Show general definition in a very serious (and often dignified) manner