The Prairie — Vocabulary
James Fenimore Cooper
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
87 top 2000
countenancefacial expression; or face
She has a pleasant countenance.more
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...in whose countenance disappointment and rage were struggling with the affected composure of his station,86 more
facial expression
Show general definition for countenance (as in: a pleasant countenance) facial expression; or face; or composure or manner
19 top 100
establishestablishestablished:created
Which word choice best maintains the tone established in the first paragraph?more
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When this equivocal species of amity was established between the warrior of the prairies and the experienced old trapper, the latter proceeded to give his directions to Paul, concerning the arrangements of the contemplated halt.19 more
Show general definition for establish (as in: establish a positive tone) create, start, or set in [a] place
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establish#2establishestablishing:showing or demonstrating
The passage is primarily about establishing the relationship between the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and global temperature.more
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"I am but an infant," he commenced, looking furtively around him, in order to detect how far his well-established character for prudence and courage contradicted his assertion.19 more
establishestablished:known
Show general definition for establish (as in: establish that there is a need) show or determine (cause to be recognized or figure out)
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manifestshow (make itself known)
Domestic violence doesn't always manifest as physical abuse.more
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...she rather manifested the quality of impatience, than any feeling of alarm.54 more
manifestmanifested:showed
Show general definition for manifest (as in: manifest destiny) obvious; or to make obvious; or to show or demonstrate
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notwithstandingin spite of
Notwithstanding my fear, I want to try parachuting from an airplane.more
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Notwithstanding the surprise and the disadvantage of his attitude, the youth was not disposed to become a captive so easily.†33 more
used to show that something remains true even though something else seems to go …
Show general definition used to show that something remains true even though something else seems to go against it
Show editor's word notes Most commonly, you can substitute "in spite of" for notwithstanding. But see the first exemplary sample sentences for other common word substitutions.
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venerablerespected
They looked to the venerable old woman for advice.more
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But why do I find you, venerable and excellent friend of my parents, in these wastes, so far from the comforts and safety of the lower country?†31 more
respected (worthy of respect) -- typically because of age or position
Show general definition respected (worthy of respect) -- typically because of age or position
35 top 1000
cunningclever and deceitful
She came up with a cunning scheme to cheat him.more
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Courage and cunning had established his ascendency, and it had been rendered, in some degree, sacred by time.†34 more
good at achieving goals through cleverness and deception
Show general definition for cunning (as in: a cunning thief) being good at achieving goals through cleverness -- and typically through deception as well (tricking others)
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precedeprecedepreceded:were before in time
Stone tools preceded bronze tools.more
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Several shots in quick succession, each sending its dangerous messenger, still nearer than the preceding discharge, cut short her speech, no less in prudence than in terror.†21 more
precedepreceding:prior (in time or space)
Show general definition to go or do before
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recollectremember
I think I recollect that she was away at college that year.more
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He was interrupted by another burst of merriment from Ellen, which served, in some measure, to recall him to his recollection.†25 more
recollectrecollection:memory
Show general definition to remember -- especially experiences from long ago
Show editor's word notes Synonym Comparison (if you're into word choice):

Relative to its synonyms, recollect brings to mind a leisurely piecing together of distant memories. It may be used in a less formal manner than remember and is almost always less formal than recall.
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endeavorendeavorendeavored:tried or attempted
I endeavored to get both sides to agree to a compromise.more
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"Well, since it is your wish, Ellen," returned the youth, endeavouring to swallow his spleen, "I will make the trial; though, as you ought to know, it is part of the religion of a Kentuckian to fret himself a little at a mischance."†28 more
endeavorendeavouring:trying or attempting
Show context notes This is a British spelling. Americans use endeavoring.
Show general definition to attempt; or a project or activity attempted
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prudentsensible and careful
She was promoted to manager because she is so prudent.more
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Presently its proportions became more distinct, and then an airy, female form appeared to hesitate, as if considering whether it would be prudent to advance.†22 more
145
squattersquattersquatters:people who live in an unoccupied place without the legal right
She estimates that there are over a billion squatters in the world.more
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"They have robbed the squatter of his beasts!" said the attentive trapper.†144 more
someone who lives in an unoccupied place without the legal right
Show general definition someone who lives in an unoccupied place without the legal right
Show editor's word notes In most countries, if squatters are able to stay long enough, they will acquire legal title.
13
trifletrifletrifling:unimportant
We all agree with the goal, but how to achieve it is not a trifling matter.more
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"I know not," said Middleton, beginning to tire of the fellow's trifling: "courage?"†15 more
trifletrifling:something of small importance; OR  a small quantity
Show general definition for trifle (as in: a trifling matter) something of small importance; or a small quantity
3
trifle withtreat thoughtlessly or without respect
She is not a woman to trifle with or ignore.more
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Mankind twist and turn the rules of the Lord, to suit their own wickedness, when their devilish cunning has had too much time to trifle with His commands.†15 more
Show general definition for trifle with (as in: trifle with her affections) to treat somebody or something thoughtlessly or without respect
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vengeancerevenge
Most Americans wanted vengeance after the 9-11 attacks.more
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The struggle between thirst for vengeance and cupidity was severe but short.†9 more
the act of taking revenge
Show general definition for vengeance (as in: vengeance is mine) the act of taking revenge

(Revenge means to harm someone to get them back for something harmful that they have done.)
1
with a vengeancewith intensity
I thought I was getting over my cold and went to work, but it came back with a vengeance.more
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the imps have circumvented us with a vengeance.†9 more
Show general definition for with a vengeance (as in: with a vengeance) with intensity
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indolentindolentindolence:laziness
She never recovered from the indolence of her youth.more
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How well these indolent watchers discharged their duties, after the assault, has never been known, inasmuch as nothing occurred to confirm or to disprove their subsequent vigilance.†15 more
lazy
Show general definition for indolent (as in: she is naturally indolent) lazy; disinclined to work
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denotesindicates
The asterisk ("*") denotes a footnote.more
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The Doctor, whose observation of the bee-hunter had hitherto been exceedingly cursory, stared at the new speaker with a look which denoted something like recognition.†9 more
denotesdenoted:means literally; OR  indicates
Show general definition means literally; or indicates
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abstracteddistracted or lost in thought
She was so abstracted; she didn't hear me.more
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"Rising of the sun!" slowly repeated the old man, lifting his tall person from its seat with a deliberate and abstracted air, while he kept his eye riveted on the changing, and certainly beautiful tints, that were garnishing the vault of Heaven.10 more
distracted (not getting his full attention)
Show general definition for abstracted (as in: abstracted, so didn't notice) lost in thought; or distracted by thoughts
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abstracted#2abstractedabstracting:removing
She was accused of abstracting money from the wallet.more
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"Then Nelly has not done me credit for what I trust I deserve," returned the single-minded Doctor, "for I am not of the phlebotomising school at all; greatly preferring the practice which purifies the blood instead of abstracting it."10 more
Show general definition for abstracted (as in: abstracted his wallet) removed