The Odyssey — Vocabulary
Homer
translated by: Robert Fitzgerald
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
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bronzea brownish metal that is made of copper and (usually) tin
The sculpture of a bull on Wall Street is made of bronze.more
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Telemakhos went on through to the storeroom of his father, a great vault where gold and bronze lay piled along with chests of clothes, and fragrant oil.40 more
a metal made mostly of copper
Show general definition for bronze (as in: bronze won't corrode in salt water) a brownish-colored metal with red or yellow hues that is made of copper and (usually) tin
Show editor's word notes Bronze metals in the Olympics and many other contests are awarded for third place.

With the discovery of bronze (about 3,000 BC), people could make tools and weapons that were harder and more durable than those made of copper and stone that preceded bronze.
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immortalto live forever
Zeus and the other gods were supposed to be immortal.more
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You gods know everything; now you can tell me: which of the immortals chained me here?†38 more
immortalimmortals:people who live forever  OR  people famous throughout history
Show general definition living or existing forever

or:

someone famous throughout history

or:

someone who will never die -- such as a mythological god
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mentorsomeone who guides and advises another who is less experienced
Each new employee is matched with a mentor.more
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Next to stand was Mentor, comrade in arms of the prince Odysseus, an old man now.†20 more
someone who guides and advises another who is less experienced…
Show general definition someone who guides and advises another who is less experienced; or the act of providing such guidance
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yieldproduce (lead to)
The discovery could yield a more effective treatment for diabetes.more
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The sea routes will yield their distances to his true son, Penelope's true son,- I doubt another's luck would hold so far.8 more
give
Show general definition for yield (as in: will yield valuable data) to produce (usually something wanted); or the thing or amount produced
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yield#2give in
The country vowed not to yield to pressure from its larger neighbors.more
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Odysseus moved aside, yielding his couch, but from across the room Telemakhos checked him: "Friend, sit down; we'll find another chair in our own hut."8 more
yieldyielding:giving up
Show general definition for yield (as in: yield to pressure) to give in, give way, or give up
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perishbe destroyed or cease to exist
...government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.Abraham Lincoln  —  Gettysburg Addressmore
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But he is lost; he came to grief and perished, and there's no help for us in someone's hoping he still may come; that sun has long gone down.†16 more
perishperished:died, was destroyed, or ceased to exist
Show general definition to die -- especially in an unnatural way

or:

to be destroyed or cease to exist
Show editor's word notes You may encounter an informal expression, "Perish the thought."  It means that the speaker hopes the thought will cease to exist and the thing it represents will never happen.
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plunderplunderplundered:stole goods
The conquerors plundered the town and surrounding countryside.more
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For now the lords of the islands, Doulikhion and Same, wooded Zakynthos, and rocky Ithaka's young lords as well, are here courting my mother; and they use our house as if it were a house to plunder.†17 more
to steal
Show general definition to steal -- often after conquering the location with the goods

or:

the goods stolen
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brazenbold and improper
She made a brazen attempt to take credit for her colleague’s work during the meeting.more
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I'd be revenged for outrage on my insidious and brazen enemies.†13 more
bold and unrestrained by what others consider proper
Show general definition bold and unrestrained by what others consider proper
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rouserouseroused:awakened
A persistent knocking at the door finally roused her from her dreams.more
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He thundered out of bright Olympos down from above the cloudlands in reply —a rousing peal for Odysseus.†13 more
rouserousing:to awaken, make more active, or excite
Show general definition to awaken, make more active, or excite
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invokeinvokeinvokes:calls upon
Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God. Each invokes God's aid against the other.Abraham Lincoln (Second Inaugural Address)more
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Then Eumaios echoed him, and invoked the gods, and prayed that his great-minded master should return.8 more
invokeinvoked:called upon
Show general definition to call upon
The exact meaning of invoke can depend upon its context. For example:
  • "invoking God's help"; or "invoking the spirit of the dead" -- to call upon a great or magical power
  • "I invoke the First Amendment"; or "I invoke the words of Thomas Jefferson" -- to cite or call upon for validation
  • "She invoked his sympathy and family memories." -- to call upon someone's feelings or memories
  • "She invoked his assistance." -- to call earnestly for
  • "The program invokes the subroutine" -- to call up a computer program
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heedheedheedlessness:pay close attention to
Heed the advice of those who have been there before.more
Show context notes The suffix "-lessness" in heedlessness means in a state without. This is the same pattern you see in words like fearlessness, powerlessness, and harmlessness.
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There can be no pleasure so fair as giving heed to a great minstrel like ours, whose voice itself is pure delight.†9 more
pay close attention to; or do what is suggested
Show general definition pay close attention to; or to do what is suggested -- especially with regard to a warning or other advice
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wrathextreme anger
She could hardly contain her wrath when she learned he had betrayed her.more
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Now his heart foreknew the wrath to come, but he could not take flight, being by Athena bound there.†10 more
Show general definition extreme anger or angry punishment
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exileeviction from one's home country
She fled Tibet and is living in exile in India.more
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But in the eighth year, back from exile in Attika, Orestes killed the snake who killed his father.†11 more
to force someone to live outside of their homeland…
Show general definition to force someone to live outside of their homeland; or living in such a condition

or more rarely:  voluntary absence from a place someone would rather be
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manora large house that belongs to a wealthy person
Bletchley Manor was converted into a home for code breakers during World War II.more
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Flashing down from Olympos' height she went to stand in Ithaka, before the Manor, just at the doorsill of the court.†10 more
a large house of a wealthy person; OR  historically:…
Show general definition a large house of a wealthy person

or historically:

the main house of a lord and the land around it that was worked by tenant farmers
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guilecunning (shrewdness and cleverness) and deceit
Her intelligence was exceeded only by her guile.more
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Then said that sly and guileful man, Odysseus:7 more
guileguileful:cunning (shrewd, clever) and deceitful
Show general definition cunning (shrewdness and cleverness) and deceitful
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illustriousfamous and respected
The university invited an illustrious scientist to speak at the graduation ceremony.more
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Have you heard what glory young Orestes won when he cut down that two-faced man, Aigisthos, for killing his illustrious father?†5 more
famous and admired; OR  worthy of admiration
Show general definition famous and admired; or worthy of admiration
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vagabondperson who wanders from town to town with no fixed home or job
She describes him as a vagabond storyteller.†more
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In life there's nothing worse than knocking about the world, no bitterness we vagabonds are spared when the curst belly rages!†4 more
vagabondvagabonds:a person who wanders from town to town with no fixed home or job
Show general definition a person who wanders from town to town with no fixed home or job
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impudentimproperly bold or disrespectful
She is an impudent girl given to insulting strangers.†more
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They are drunk, drunk on impudence, they might injure my guest-and how could I bear that?†3 more
Show general definition improperly bold or disrespectful -- especially toward someone who is older or considered to be of higher status
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venerablerespected
They looked to the venerable old woman for advice.more
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To this I said: 'But you, now:-you must tell me how I can trap this venerable sea-god.†1 more
respected (worthy of respect) -- typically because of age or position
Show general definition respected (worthy of respect) -- typically because of age or position
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rancorfeelings of deep and bitter anger or hatred
She made the suggestion to reduce the partisan rancor.†more
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But anguish lies ahead; the god who thunders on the land prepares it, not to be shaken from your track, implacable, in rancor for the son whose eye you blinded.†1 more
deep and bitter anger or hatred
Show general definition deep and bitter anger or hatred -- especially when long-standing