Psalms — Vocabulary
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Exemplary sample	Uses	ACT/SAT
	33	top 1000
reproachreproach → reproached:criticized and expressed disappointment She reproached him for treating his sister so thoughtlessly.more Show sample from book 15:3 He that backbiteth not with his tongue, nor doeth evil to his neighbour, nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbour.†32 more a criticism; or to express criticism Show general definition a criticism; or to express criticism or disappointment -- especially where a relationship makes the disapproval result in disappointment or shame Show editor's word notes The expression "beyond reproach" is often used to indicate that one must not only be careful to do everything right, but must be careful not to do anything that might make people suspect they did something wrong. For example, politicians often need to behave in a manner that is beyond reproach. "Beyond reproach" can also suggest that something is perfect. More rarely, it can also be used to suggest that someone is too powerful or too well-connected to criticize.
	35	top 1000
afflictafflict → afflicted:made to suffer The region was afflicted by a long drought that destroyed most crops.more Show sample from book 34:19 Many are the afflictions of the righteous: but the LORD delivereth him out of them all.†34 more afflict → afflictions:things that cause suffering Show general definition to cause pain, suffering, or trouble -- especially something long-lasting or hard to endure
	38
heathenheathen → heathens:people who do not believe in Christianity The crusaders called them heathens and they called the crusaders infidels.more Show sample from book 2:1 Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing?†37 more someone who is not civilized or not moral OR an offensive term for a person who does not believe in a preferred religion Show general definition an often offensive (sometimes humorous) word for someone seen as uncivilized or immoral, especially because she does not share the speaker’s religion or comes from a culture unfamiliar with it Show editor's word notes This word is usually judgmental or insulting, so today it is used mostly in joking contexts or when describing older attitudes.
	29	top 1000
wrathextreme anger She could hardly contain her wrath when she learned he had betrayed her.more Show sample from book 2:5 Then shall he speak unto them in his wrath, and vex them in his sore displeasure.†28 more Show general definition extreme anger or angry punishment
	32	top 2000
testimonythe statement of a witness at a trial Her emotional testimony moved the jury.more Show sample from book 25:10 All the paths of the LORD are mercy and truth unto such as keep his covenant and his testimonies.†31 more testimony → testimonies:evidence -- especially statements in a trial Show general definition something that serves as evidence -- especially a statement at a trial or hearing
	21	top 500
perishbe destroyed or cease to exist ...government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.Abraham Lincoln — Gettysburg Addressmore Show sample from book 9:6 O thou enemy, destructions are come to a perpetual end: and thou hast destroyed cities; their memorial is perished with them.†20 more perish → perished:died, was destroyed, or ceased to exist Show general definition to die -- especially in an unnatural way or: to be destroyed or cease to exist Show editor's word notes You may encounter an informal expression, "Perish the thought." It means that the speaker hopes the thought will cease to exist and the thing it represents will never happen.
	21	top 500
congregationpeople who worship together in the same building It's a casual congregation where many people wander into services late.more Show sample from book 26:12 My foot standeth in an even place: in the congregations will I bless the LORD.†20 more Show general definition for congregation (as in: the congregation voted) people who worship together in the same building
	20	top 1000
transgresstransgress → transgressed:violated Her actions transgressed the boundaries of acceptable behavior.more Show sample from book 5:10 Destroy thou them, O God; let them fall by their own counsels; cast them out in the multitude of their transgressions; for they have rebelled against thee.†19 more transgress → transgressions:acts that violate rules, promises, or social norms Show general definition to violate a rule, promise, or social norm
	17	top 1000
persecutionvery bad and unfair treatment Everyone knows about the persecution of the Jews by the Nazis.more Show sample from book 10:2 The wicked in his pride doth persecute the poor: let them be taken in the devices that they have imagined.†16 more persecution → persecute:treat very badly and unfairly Show general definition very bad and unfair treatment of others -- often because of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or political beliefs
	18	top 2000
forsakeabandon or give up The country must forsake terrorism as a political instrument.more Show sample from book 9:10 And they that know thy name will put their trust in thee: for thou, LORD, hast not forsaken them that seek thee.†17 more forsake → forsaken:abandoned or given up on Show general definition to abandon or give up on -- such as someone who needs you, or an idea, or a place
	15	top 1000
habitathabitat → habitats:the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives They are endangered due to destruction of their rainforest habitats.more Show sample from book 26:8 LORD, I have loved the habitation of thy house, and the place where thine honour dwelleth.†14 more
	18	top 2000
refugesafe place The park serves as a refuge for wildlife.more Show sample from book 9:9 The LORD also will be a refuge for the oppressed, a refuge in times of trouble.†17 more something giving protection or comfort -- especially a safe place Show general definition something giving protection or comfort -- especially a safe place
	9	top 500
adversaryopponent She is his greatest adversary.more Show sample from book 38:20 They also that render evil for good are mine adversaries; because I follow the thing that good is.†8 more adversary → adversaries:opponents Show general definition an opponent
	7	top 100
neverthelessdespite that (used to connect contrasting ideas) The class was hard. Nevertheless, it was my favorite.more Show sample from book 31:22 For I said in my haste, I am cut off from before thine eyes: nevertheless thou heardest the voice of my supplications when I cried unto thee.†6 more Show general definition despite that Show editor's word notes Based on idea 1 we might not expect idea 2, but this is a way of saying that even though idea 1 was just stated, we still have idea 2. Synonyms include in spite of that, despite that, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the other hand, in contrast and but.
	5	top 2000
reprovereprove → reproves:criticizes She's the kind of boss who reproves in private and praises in public.more Show sample from book 38:14 Thus I was as a man that heareth not, and in whose mouth are no reproofs.†4 more reprove → reproofs:criticisms Show general definition express disapproval or criticism -- typically in a mild manner & sometimes even in a friendly manner
	4
strifeviolent conflict The region suffers from violent religious strife.†more Show sample from book 31:20 Thou shalt hide them in the secret of thy presence from the pride of man: thou shalt keep them secretly in a pavilion from the strife of tongues.†3 more violent conflict or angry disagreement Show general definition violent conflict or angry disagreement
	3	top 2000
guilecunning (shrewdness and cleverness) and deceit Her intelligence was exceeded only by her guile.more Show sample from book 32:2 Blessed is the man unto whom the LORD imputeth not iniquity, and in whose spirit there is no guile.†2 more cunning (shrewdness and cleverness) and deceitful Show general definition cunning (shrewdness and cleverness) and deceitful
	3
pestilencewidespread disease The Black Death was a pestilence that killed an estimated 30% of the European population in the 14th century.more Show sample from book 91:3 Surely he shall deliver thee from the snare of the fowler, and from the noisome pestilence.†2 more widespread disease (usually severe)… Show general definition widespread disease (usually severe); or any severely harmful or evil influence that is hard to get rid of
	2	top 1000
posterityfuture generations We must secure the benefits of freedom for ourselves and our posterity.more Show sample from book 49:13 This their way is their folly: yet their posterity approve their sayings.†1 more all future generations Show general definition all future generations
	2	top 2000
contritesorry She apologized, but she didn't seem genuinely contrite.more Show sample from book 34:18 The LORD is nigh unto them that are of a broken heart; and saveth such as be of a contrite spirit.†1 more feeling sorrow or regret for a fault or offense Show general definition feeling sorrow or regret for a fault or offense