The Screwtape Letters — Vocabulary
C. S. Lewis
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
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despaira feeling of hopelessness
Don't give in to despair.more
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The routine of adversity, the gradual decay of youthful loves and youthful hopes, the quiet despair (hardly felt as pain) of ever overcoming the chronic temptations with which we have again and again defeated them, the drabness which we create in their lives and the inarticulate resentment with which we teach them to respond to it--all this provides admirable opportunities of wearing out a soul by attrition.8 more
hopelessness
Show general definition for despair (as in: she felt despair) hopelessness; or distress (such as extreme worry or sadness from feeling powerless to change a bad situation)
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despair#2lose hope
Don't despair. Next year will be better.more
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But I fear ... he knows that Despair is a greater sin than any of the sins which provoke it.8 more
giving up hope
Show general definition for despair (as in: do not despair) lose hope or feel distress
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establishestablishestablished:created
Which word choice best maintains the tone established in the first paragraph?more
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Once this habit is well established you have the delightful situation of a human saying things with the express purpose of offending and yet having a grievance when offence is taken.4 more
establishestablished:set (existing firmly)
Show general definition for establish (as in: establish a positive tone) create, start, or set in [a] place
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establish#2establishestablishing:showing or demonstrating
The passage is primarily about establishing the relationship between the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and global temperature.more
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The general rule which we have now pretty well established among them is that in all experiences which can make them happier or better only the physical facts are "Real" while the spiritual elements are "subjective"; in all experiences which can discourage or corrupt them the spiritual elements are the main reality and to ignore them is to be an escapist.4 more
establishestablished:accepted as true
Show general definition for establish (as in: establish that there is a need) show or determine (cause to be recognized or figure out)
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subtlesubtlesubtly:working in a way that is hard to see
She is working subtly against us.more
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But even if He defeats your first attempt at misdirection, we have a subtler weapon.4 more
subtlesubtler:more indirect or non-obvious thing or manner that harms
Show general definition for subtle (as in: a subtle poison) working in an indirect or hidden way
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subtle#2making use of slight distinctions
She used subtle reasoning to expose the absurdity of his argument.more
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There is a subtle play of looks and tones and laughs by which a Mortal can imply that he is of the same party is those to whom he is speaking.4 more
slightly noticeable
Show general definition for subtle (as in: a subtle difference or thinker) not obvious, but noticeable with enough insight and knowledge

or:

able to notice or understand things that require insight and sensitivity
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renderrenderrendered:made
Her verbal attack rendered me speechless.more
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we thus aggravate the female's chronic horror of growing old ... and render her less willing and less able to bear children.8 more
make
Show general definition for render (as in: rendered her unconscious) to make or cause to become
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phenomenonsomething that is of special interest
It is a growing social phenomenon on high school campuses.more
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The dryness and dullness through which your patient is now going are not, as you fondly suppose, your workmanship; they are merely a natural phenomenon which will do us no good unless you make a good use of it.6 more
thing that exists
Show general definition something that exists or happened -- especially something of special interest -- sometimes someone or something that is extraordinary
Show editor's word notes "Phenomenons" and "phenomena" are both appropriate plural forms of this noun. "Phenomena" is generally used in scientific or philosophical contexts.
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novelnew and original
We're looking for novel marketing ideas.more
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The pleasure of novelty is by its very nature more subject than any other to the law of diminishing returns.†6 more
novelnovelty:the quality of being new and original
Show general definition for novel (as in: a novel situation) new and original -- typically something considered good
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doctrineprinciple
She argues that the action is protected under the separation-of-powers doctrine that is fundamental to the US Constitution.more
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The real fun is working up hatred between ... [them] when neither party could possibly state the difference between, say, Hooker's doctrine and Thomas Aquinas', in any form which would hold water for five minutes.7 more
beliefs
Show general definition a belief (or system of beliefs or principles) accepted as authoritative by some group
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primarilymainly
Did the author mention multiple companies primarily to demonstrate diversity of solutions or to show that interest in the industry is widespread?more
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He doesn't think of doctrines as primarily "true" of "false", but as "academic" or "practical", "outworn" or "contemporary", "conventional" or "ruthless".†4 more
Show general definition mainly (most importantly)
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malicemalicemalicious:evil; or made with the intent to make others suffer
I am not interested in hearing malicious gossip.more
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The great thing is to direct the malice to his immediate neighbors whom he meets every day and to thrust his benevolence out to the remote circumference, to people he does not know.4 more
evil; or wanting to see others suffer
Show general definition the intention or desire to see others suffer
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attaingain or reach something with effort
She was the first woman to attain the rank of general.more
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For real resignation, at the same moment, to a dozen different and hypothetical fates, is almost impossible, and the Enemy does not greatly assist those who are trying to attain it: resignation to present and actual suffering, even where that suffering consists of fear, is far easier and is usually helped by this direct action.†4 more
Show general definition to gain or reach something with effort
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factionfactionfactions:sub-groups
It was a fight between the moderate and progressive factions of the Democratic Party.more
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Other ages, of which the present is one, are unbalanced and prone to faction, and it is our business to inflame them.†4 more
sub-group
Show general definition a sub-group with some interests not shared by the entire group
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materialistictoo concerned with wealth and possessions
She thinks Americans are too materialistic.more
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On the other hand, when they believe in us, we cannot make them materialists and sceptics.†4 more
materialisticmaterialists:overly concerned with wealth and possessions at the expense of other interests
Show general definition overly concerned with wealth and possessions at the expense of other interests
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flippanthaving an inappropriate lack of seriousness
Her response is entertaining, but the question deserves a less flippant answer.more
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I divide the causes of human laughter into Joy, Fun, the Joke Proper, and Flippancy.†4 more
flippantflippancy:an inappropriate lack of seriousness
Show general definition showing an inappropriate lack of seriousness
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infernalvery annoying
Please stop making that infernal noise!more
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The real use of the infernal Venus is, no doubt, as prostitute or mistress.†4 more
very bad; OR  very annoying; OR  characteristic of hell or the underworld
Show general definition very bad; or very annoying; or characteristic of hell or the underworld
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subjectiveinfluenced by personal belief, feelings, or preferences (rather than being based purely upon fact)
Existing evaluations are largely subjective. The union wants objective criteria, so our employees will know how to succeed and will not need to worry about bias.more
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Once all his thoughts and images have been flung aside or, if retained, retained with a full recognition of their merely subjective nature, and the man trusts himself to the completely real, external, invisible Presence, there with him in the room and never knowable by him as he is known by it—why, then it is that the incalculable may occur.†3 more
Show general definition influenced by personal belief, feelings, or preferences (rather than being based purely upon fact)
Show editor's word notes Subjective is often contrasted to objective--meaning based upon fact without the influence of personal feelings or preferences.
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aggravateaggravateaggravated:made worse
The offense is aggravated by...more
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Her jealousy, and alarm, and his increasing evasiveness or rudeness, will be invaluable for the aggravation of the domestic tension.3 more
aggravateaggravation:making worse
Show general definition for aggravate (as in: aggravated his illness) make worse
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scruplesprinciples that discourage certain kinds of action
She doesn't share my scruples on the subject.more
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We have quite removed from men's minds what that pestilent fellow Paul used to teach about food and other unessentials—namely, that the human without scruples should always give in to the human with scruples.†2 more