Of Human Bondage — Vocabulary
W. Somerset Maugham
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
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vulgarvulgarvulgarity:crudeness (showing of bad taste)
Her vulgarity was a turnoff.more
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It was a triumph of irony for that outcast poet to die amid the trappings of vulgar respectability;55 more
common (and so thought to be of unsophisticated)
Show general definition of bad taste -- often crude or offensive

or:

unsophisticated (or common) -- especially of taste
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notwithstandingin spite of
Notwithstanding my fear, I want to try parachuting from an airplane.more
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Sometimes, notwithstanding the cold, a couple came on to the balcony and stood for a moment to get some fresh air; and Philip, imagining that they were in love with one another, turned away and limped along the street with a heavy hurt.31 more
despite
Show general definition used to show that something remains true even though something else seems to go against it
Show editor's word notes Most commonly, you can substitute "in spite of" for notwithstanding. But see the first exemplary sample sentences for other common word substitutions.
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reproachreproachreproached:criticized and expressed disappointment
She reproached him for treating his sister so thoughtlessly.more
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He reproached Philip for laziness, asked him when he was going to start work,26 more
reproachreproached:criticized
Show general definition a criticism; or to express criticism or disappointment -- especially where a relationship makes the disapproval result in disappointment or shame
Show editor's word notes The expression "beyond reproach" is often used to indicate that one must not only be careful to do everything right, but must be careful not to do anything that might make people suspect they did something wrong. For example, politicians often need to behave in a manner that is beyond reproach.

"Beyond reproach" can also suggest that something is perfect. More rarely, it can also be used to suggest that someone is too powerful or too well-connected to criticize.
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sulkto overly indulge in being unhappy and unsociable
She was disappointed and retreated to her room to sulk.more
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He would sulk for a day, and he suffered more because Rose either did not notice his ill-humour or deliberately ignored it.†23 more
to be overly unhappy and unsociable
Show general definition to be overly unhappy and unsociable -- often due to disappointment or a sense of not getting what was deserved
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ironywhen what happens is very different than what might be expected
She didn't see the irony in acting like the mother she detested.more
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It was a triumph of irony for that outcast poet to die amid the trappings of vulgar respectability;12 more
when what happened was very different than what might have been expected
Show general definition for irony (as in: situational irony) when what happens is very different than what might be expected; or when things are together that seem like they don't belong together -- especially when amusing or an entertaining coincidence
Show editor's word notes This is sometimes referred to as "situational irony."  The term is especially appropriate when actions have consequences opposite to those intended.

The expression ironic smile, generally references someone smiling at situational irony.

All forms of irony involve the perception that things are not what they might seem.
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irony#2ironyironic:saying one thing, while meaning the opposite
She was being ironic when she said she couldn't wait to see you again.more
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With a blank face Philip offered his congratulations, and Flanagan was so busy congratulating himself that he did not catch the note of irony which Philip could not prevent from coming into his voice.12 more
saying one thing while meaning the opposite
Show general definition for irony (as in: verbal irony) saying one thing, while meaning the opposite or something else -- usually as humor or sarcasm
Show editor's word notes This is sometimes referred to as "verbal irony." Typically, the speaker says one thing but means the opposite, and the tone of voice or the context of the situation makes the true, contradictory meaning clear.

All forms of irony involve the perception that things are not what they might seem.
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vehementforceful or intense
She was vehement in her defense of her friend, insisting that he was innocent.more
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Before the American could answer someone else broke in vehemently.†16 more
vehementvehemently:marked by extreme intensity -- especially emotion such as anger
Show general definition marked by extreme intensity -- especially emotion such as anger
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monotonouslacking variety and boring
We hope to replace people with robots for the most monotonous work.more
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He was very fond of reciting poetry, his own and that of others, which he did in a monotonous sing-song.†13 more
lacking in variety and/or boring
Show general definition lacking in variety -- typically boring
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grotesquedistorted or ugly
She was wearing a grotesque mask that was quite disturbing.more
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That knee, it's grotesque.†16 more
distorted and unnatural in shape or size
Show general definition distorted and unnatural in shape or size -- especially in a disturbing way

or:

ugly, gross, or very wrong
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parisha local church community

or in some places including Louisiana:  a jurisdiction of government like a county
Are we talking about a governmental or a religious parish?more
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He really seemed to look upon himself as the most important person in the parish.†16 more
a local church community…
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saunterwalk leisurely
It was pleasant to saunter lazily through the park.more
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Sometimes he sauntered through the streets of the old town.†15 more
sauntersauntered:walked leisurely
Show general definition to walk leisurely
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prescribeprescribeprescribed:gave medical instructions instructing that the patient should take
The doctor prescribed an antibiotic for the infection.more
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He wrote a prescription, gave instructions, and left.†13 more
prescribeprescription:a recommendation or requirement  OR  (from a medical doctor) an instruction -- such as writing that a patient should take antibiotics
Show general definition to recommend or require what should be done

or more specifically:

of a medical doctor:  to give medical instructions -- such as writing that a patient should take antibiotics
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elaboratecomplicated
It's part of her elaborate plan for getting accepted at Harvard.more
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All his plans were suddenly overthrown, and the existence, so elaborately pictured, was no more than a dream which would never be realised.30 more
elaborateelaborately:rich in detail
Show general definition for elaborate (as in: an elaborate design) having details and complexity -- sometimes fancy or ornate
Show editor's word notes Depending upon it's context, this sense of elaborate can additionally imply that details make something either:<ul><li>more special than others of its kind in a good way</li></ul>or:<ul><li>more complicated than necessary in a bad way</li></ul>
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elaborate#2exaggerated
He gave her a slow elaborate wink.more
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She coughed elaborately at the door so that Philip should have time to compose himself, she felt that he would be humiliated if she came upon him in the midst of his tears, then she rattled the door handle.30 more
elaborateelaborately:in an exaggerated manner
Show general definition for elaborate (as in: an elaborate wink) to exaggerate an action
Show editor's word notes At times, this sense of elaborate can further imply that an action was exaggerated by prolonging it (performing it more slowly than normal).
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uncouthrude or insensitive
The uncouth remark was out of place in polite society.more
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He disliked the fisher folk, who were rough, uncouth, and went to chapel.†8 more
rude or unpleasant due to a lack of manners, refinement, or taste
Show general definition rude or unpleasant due to a lack of manners, refinement, or taste
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corpulenthaving excessive body fat
She also counsels her more corpulent patients on the advisability and techniques of losing weight.†more
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He was a man of middle height and of a corpulent figure; he had sandy hair, worn very short and now growing gray, and a small bristly moustache.†8 more
excessive body fat
Show general definition with excessive body fat
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superciliousarrogant
I have come to hate her supercilious smile.more
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As he limped along the high street of Blackstable he looked with a tinge of superciliousness at the people he passed.†7 more
supercilioussuperciliousness:arrogant (acting as if better, more important, and superior in ideas than others…
Show general definition arrogant (acting as if better, more important, and superior in ideas than others)
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transparentcapable of being seen through with clarity
The transparent shower door shows water spots.more
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She was so thin that she seemed almost transparent, the arms she put round his neck were frail bones that reminded you of chicken bones, and her faded face was oh! so wrinkled.2 more
capable of being seen through
Show general definition for transparent (as in: transparent shower door) able to be seen through with clarity
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transparent#2obvious (despite attempts to hide them)
She tried to hide her emotions, but her true feelings were transparent.more
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Philip knew very little about women, or he would have been aware that one should accept their most transparent lies.2 more
obvious
Show general definition for transparent (as in: transparent lie) obvious despite attempts to hide
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flippanthaving an inappropriate lack of seriousness
Her response is entertaining, but the question deserves a less flippant answer.more
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There was never here any of that flashing humour which made the other masters suspect him of flippancy.†6 more
flippantflippancy:an inappropriate lack of seriousness
Show general definition showing an inappropriate lack of seriousness