Just Mercy — Vocabulary
Bryan Stevenson
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
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testimonythe statement of a witness at a trial
Her emotional testimony moved the jury.more
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Walter thought the testimony was so nonsensical he couldn't believe that people were taking it seriously.†p.65.979 more
something that serves as evidence -- especially a statement at a trial or hearing
Show general definition something that serves as evidence -- especially a statement at a trial or hearing
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incarcerateincarcerateincarcerated:in prison or jail
About 7 out each 1,000 Americans is incarcerated.more
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This book is about getting closer to mass incarceration and extreme punishment in America.p.14.860 more
incarcerateincarceration:imprisonment
Show general definition put in prison, or otherwise confine
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criticalhighly important
It is of critical importance.more
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Mr. Houston says that Hooks is lying, which makes his testimony a critical issue that should be heard in court.p.112.217 more
important
Show general definition for critical (as in: a critical problem) important, serious, or dangerous
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critical#2tends to find fault
She is critical of everything he does.more
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By the end of the decade, some justices had become openly critical of the review that death penalty cases received.p.78.817 more
expressing unfavorable opinions
Show general definition for critical (as in: don't be so critical) finding fault and telling others; or tending to have unfavorable opinions
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paroleconditional early release from imprisonment
Being home by 10 pm is one of the conditions of my parole.more
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There are nearly six million people on probation or on parole.†p.15.248 more
conditional early release from imprisonment in which a person is required to com…
Show general definition for parole (as in: released on parole) conditional early release from imprisonment in which a person is required to comply with special conditions
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testifytestifytestified:provided oral evidence in court
She testified against the robber.more
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He began a whispered dialogue with me, imploring me to get the testifying expert to say things about his intent that were really outside the expert's knowledge.†p.79.943 more
testifytestifying:providing evidence of something -- especially oral evidence in court
Show general definition provide evidence of something -- especially to say something under oath in a court of law
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reflectreflectreflects:expresses
Which choice best reflects the overall sequence of events in the passage?more
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Although being smart and sensitive made his extended time in solitary confinement especially destructive, he had managed to educate himself, read hundreds of books, and write poetry and short stories that reflected an eager, robust intellect.p.161.58 more
reflectreflected:showed or demonstrated
Show general definition for reflect (as in: reflect American Values) to show something -- such as to demonstrate, express, or represent
The exact meaning of this sense of reflect depends upon its context. For example:
  • "She says the immorality in the movie reflects American values." -- expresses or represents
  • "It reflects the selfishness she had seen growing for years." -- demonstrates
  • "She did not reflect the panic that surrounded her." -- demonstrate or show indication of
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reflect#2reflectreflects:thinks carefully
At the beginning of this passage, the author reflects on her life as a waitress.more
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The more I reflected on the experience, the more I recognized that I had been struggling my whole life with the question of how and why people are judged unfairly.p.13.28 more
reflectreflected:thought
Show general definition for reflect (as in: I want to reflect on it.) think carefully -- possibly aloud or in writing
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defendanta person (or institution) legally accused or sued in court
The defendant is confident she will be found innocent.more
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Tom Robinson, the wrongly accused black defendant, is found guilty.†p.23.922 more
a person or institution legally accused or sued in court
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advocateadvocateadvocates:publicly supports
She advocates stricter gun control.more
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Marsha held on despite these challenges and started advocating for some of the younger women.p.240.26 more
advocateadvocating:supporting and speaking out
Show general definition for advocate (as in: to advocate) to recommend or publicly support (someone or something)
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advocate#2a person who publicly supports and works to advance a cause
She is a passionate advocate for children's welfare.more
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Victims' advocates were added to parole boards, and in most states they were given a formal role in state and local prosecutors' offices.p.141.86 more
advocateadvocates:supporters
Show general definition for advocate (as in: an advocate supporting) a person who publicly supports and works to advance a cause

or more rarely:

someone acting in the role of a defense lawyer in England's past and in some jurisdictions today
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biasbiasbiased:has a prejudice that prevents objective consideration
Everyone knows she is too biased to act as an impartial judge.more
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In the 60 Minutes interview with Chapman, he dismissed as silly the suggestion of any racial bias in Walter McMillian's prosecution.†p.213.513 more
a personal preference; or any tendency to move in a particular direction
Show general definition a tendency to favor one side -- in people, a prejudice that affects fair judgment; more generally, any built-in lean to move or behave in a particular way (like a car that pulls right)
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implicationsomething implied (said indirectly)
I object to her implication that my work was sub-standard.more
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We argued that the ban on the death penalty had implications because a death-in-prison sentence is also a terminal, unchangeable, once-and-for-all judgment on the whole life of a human being that declares him or her forever unfit to be part of civil society.p.270.113 more
implicationimplications:consequences or impact
Show general definition for implication (as in: the implication is that...) Something that follows from something else.
The thing that follows could be:
  • something suggested indirectly (not said directly)
  • something that can be concluded (often a logical consequence)
  • something that results from something else
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implication#2involvement
She is suspected of implication in three burglaries.more
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Diane had been wrongly implicated in a drug-trafficking operation that involved her former boyfriend.p.238.613 more
implicationimplicated:accused of involvement
Show general definition for implication (as in: Her implication in the crime) involvement in or the suggestion that someone was involved in something -- especially a crime
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litigatego to court to settle
I'm hoping we won't have to litigate the matter.more
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I piled up courses on constitutional law, litigation, appellate procedure, federal courts, and collateral remedies.†p.12.819 more
litigatelitigation:the process of a engaging in a lawsuit
Show general definition use a court to settle a disagreement with force of law
17
recantsay he no longer believed (something previously said)
According to popular legend, after being forced to recant his theory that the Earth moved around the Sun, Galileo whispered, "And yet it moves."more
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At this point, Tate and his investigators had little interest in Myers's recantation.†p.52.616 more
recantrecantation:a statement that formally rejects or disavows a formerly held belief
Show general definition for one to say they no longer believe a previously made statement or belief -- often while under pressure
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perjurythe criminal offense of telling lies in court after formally promising to tell the truth
They did not charge her with theft. They charged her for perjury during her testimony to the grand jury.more
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A perjury indictment seems like a tactic designed to intimidate and discourage people from coming forward with evidence that contradicts the State's case.p.111.214 more
making false statements
Show general definition the criminal offense of telling lies after formally promising to tell the truth -- such as when testifying in a court trial
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exonerateexonerateexonerated:freed (of blame)
The jury exonerated her of all charges.more
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Scores of innocent people have been exonerated after being sentenced to death and nearly executed.†p.16.312 more
exonerateexonerated:freed from blame  OR  (more rarely) freed from an obligation
Show general definition to free someone from blame

or more rarely:

to free someone from an obligation
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elaboratecomplicated
It's part of her elaborate plan for getting accepted at Harvard.more
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I was subjected to an elaborate admission process and given a beeper to activate if I was ever threatened or distressed while inside the prison.p.261.13 more
with many details or features
Show general definition for elaborate (as in: an elaborate design) having details and complexity -- sometimes fancy or ornate
Show editor's word notes Depending upon it's context, this sense of elaborate can additionally imply that details make something either:<ul><li>more special than others of its kind in a good way</li></ul>or:<ul><li>more complicated than necessary in a bad way</li></ul>
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elaborate#2exaggerated
He gave her a slow elaborate wink.more
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Ralph believed that everything he said had to be epic, shocking, and elaborate.p.32.23 more
exaggerated (or with lots of detail)
Show general definition for elaborate (as in: an elaborate wink) to exaggerate an action
Show editor's word notes At times, this sense of elaborate can further imply that an action was exaggerated by prolonging it (performing it more slowly than normal).