Cuban Missile Crisis Speech — Vocabulary
John F. Kennedy
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
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nucleusthe center (in this case, key central members)
They have the nucleus of a good team.†more
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The purpose of these bases can be none other than to provide a nuclear strike capability against the Western Hemisphere.†10 more
nucleusnuclear:relating to the central or most important part of something
Show general definition the center (or most important part) of something
such as:
  • in physics: the center of an atom where protons & neutrons are found
  • in biology: the center of a cell where DNA is found
  • in sociology: the closest family (mother/father/children in contrast to the extended family)
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deceptiondeceiving or misleading
The law is intended to defeat denial and deception strategies.more
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Neither the United States of America nor the world community of nations can tolerate deliberate deception and offensive threats on the part of any nation, large or small.†1 more
the act of lying to or misleading someone; or something that misleads
Show general definition the act of lying to or misleading someone; or something that misleads
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perilperilperils:dangers
The mountaineers faced many perils on their ascent to the summit, including treacherous icefalls and avalanches.more
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We no longer live in a world where only the actual firing of weapons represents a sufficient challenge to a nation's security to constitute maximum peril.†1 more
danger
Show general definition danger
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establishestablishestablishing:showing or demonstrating
The passage is primarily about establishing the relationship between the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and global temperature.more
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Within the past week, unmistakable evidence has established the fact that a series of offensive missile sites is now in preparation on that imprisoned island.
establishestablished:proven
Show general definition for establish (as in: establish that there is a need) show or determine (cause to be recognized or figure out)
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evaluateevaluateevaluating:thinking carefully and making a judgment about
I'm evaluating colleges and deciding which I want to apply to.more
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And having now confirmed and completed our evaluation of the evidence and our decision on a course of action, this Government feels obliged to report this new crisis to you in fullest detail.†
evaluateevaluation:the process of thinking carefully and making a judgment about something
Show general definition to think carefully and make a judgment about something
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contradictdisagree with
Does the sentence contradict the main claim of the essay?more
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This action also contradicts the repeated assurances of Soviet spokesmen, both publicly and privately delivered, that the arms buildup in Cuba would retain its original defensive character, and that the Soviet Union had no need or desire to station strategic missiles on the territory of any other nation.†
contradictcontradicts:disagrees
Show general definition disagree
in various senses, including:
  • to say something is not true -- as in "She contradicted his testimony."
  • to say something else is true when both can't be true -- as in "I don't believe her. She contradicted herself as she told us what happened."
  • to be in conflict with -- as in "Her assertions contradict accepted scientific principles."
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neverthelessdespite that (used to connect contrasting ideas)
The class was hard. Nevertheless, it was my favorite.more
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Nevertheless, American citizens have become adjusted to living daily on the Bull's-eye of Soviet missiles located inside the U.S.S.R. or in submarines.†
Show general definition despite that
Show editor's word notes Based on idea 1 we might not expect idea 2, but this is a way of saying that even though idea 1 was just stated, we still have idea 2.  Synonyms include in spite of that, despite that, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the other hand, in contrast and but.
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sufficientadequate (enough)
We have sufficient supplies.more
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We no longer live in a world where only the actual firing of weapons represents a sufficient challenge to a nation's security to constitute maximum peril.†
adequate (enough -- often without being more than is needed)
Show general definition adequate (enough -- often without being more than is needed)
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genuinegenuinegenuinely:sincerely
I am genuinely sorry for what I did.more
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We are prepared to discuss new proposals for the removal of tensions on both sides—including the possibility of a genuinely independent Cuba, free to determine its own destiny.†
genuinegenuinely:really
Show general definition real (as when a person is sincere or an object is not a replica or fake)
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deployplace
They will probably deploy troops along the eastern border.more
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Nuclear weapons are so destructive and ballistic missiles are so swift, that any substantially increased possibility of their use or any sudden change in their deployment may well be regarded as a definite threat to peace.†1 more
deploydeployment:placing or activating
Show general definition to place or activate a resource
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underminegradually weaken
She has taken every opportunity to undermine my influence with the team.more
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They can only undermine it.†
weaken gradually
Show general definition weaken gradually
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ultimatefinal
The president has ultimate responsibility for directing a war.more
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The 1930's taught us a clear lesson: aggressive conduct, if allowed to go unchecked and unchallenged ultimately leads to war.†
ultimateultimately:finally; or in the end
Show general definition most extreme as in final, best, worst, most important, or most fundamental
The exact meaning of ultimate depends upon its context. For example:
  • "the ultimate decision-maker" -- the final
  • "the ultimate car" -- the best
  • "the ultimate insult" -- the worst
  • "the ultimate source" -- original or most fundamental
  • "the ultimate sacrifice" -- most extreme
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denouncedenouncedenounced:strongly criticized or accused publicly
She denounced him as a liar.more
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Many months of sacrifice and self-discipline lie ahead—months in which our patience and our will will be tested—months in which many threats and denunciations will keep us aware of our dangers.†
denouncedenunciations:criticisms or accusations
Show general definition to strongly criticize or accuse publicly

or more rarely:  to inform against someone (turn someone into the authorities)
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precariousunsure (in danger of falling)
Her footing on the ladder looked precarious.more
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For many years both the Soviet Union and the United States, recognizing this fact, have deployed strategic nuclear weapons with great care, never upsetting the precarious status quo which insured that these weapons would not be used in the absence of some vital challenge.†
unsafe or unsure
Show general definition unsafe or in danger of getting worse -- especially in danger of falling
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clandestinesecret or hidden

or:

done with or marked by hidden aims or methods
She is involved in clandestine intelligence operations.more
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Seventh and finally: I call upon Chairman Khrushchev to halt and eliminate this clandestine, reckless and provocative threat to world peace and to stable relations between our two nations.†1 more
secret or hidden
Show general definition secret or hidden
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invokeinvokeinvokes:calls upon
Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God. Each invokes God's aid against the other.Abraham Lincoln (Second Inaugural Address)more
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Fifth: We are calling tonight for an immediate meeting of the Organ of Consultation under the Organization of American States, to consider this threat to hemispheric security and to invoke articles 6 and 8 of the Rio Treaty in support of all necessary action.
cite
Show general definition to call upon
The exact meaning of invoke can depend upon its context. For example:
  • "invoking God's help"; or "invoking the spirit of the dead" -- to call upon a great or magical power
  • "I invoke the First Amendment"; or "I invoke the words of Thomas Jefferson" -- to cite or call upon for validation
  • "She invoked his sympathy and family memories." -- to call upon someone's feelings or memories
  • "She invoked his assistance." -- to call earnestly for
  • "The program invokes the subroutine" -- to call up a computer program
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strenuousdifficult (requiring much effort)
The doctor recommended strenuous exercise three times a week.more
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We have in the past made strenuous efforts to limit the spread of nuclear weapons.†
Show general definition energetic; or physically or mentally difficult or requiring endurance
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aspirationdesire
Her aspiration to become a famous author motivated her to write every day.more
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I speak to you as a friend, as one who knows of your deep attachment to your fatherland, as one who shares your aspirations for liberty and justice for all.†
aspirationaspirations:desires
Show general definition a desire to achieve something
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endorseexpress support for
Did she endorse the plan?more
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Acting, therefore, in the defense of our own security and of the entire Western Hemisphere, and under the authority entrusted to me by the Constitution as endorsed by the resolution of the Congress, I have directed that the following initial steps be taken immediately: First: To halt this offensive buildup, a strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to Cuba is being initiated.†
endorseendorsed:approved or supported
Show general definition to approve or support
The exact meaning of endorse can depend upon its context. For example:
  • "I endorse her candidacy." -- support for a candidate
  • "I endorse the committee's recommendations." -- support an idea
  • "She is paid a million dollars a year to endorse the company's products." -- publicly support in return for payment
  • "She endorsed and deposited the check." -- approved placing funds into a bank account by writing on the back of a check, something like "for deposit only," the account number, and signing
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Cubacommunist country that is 90 miles from Florida
The trade embargo between the United States and Cuba has had a significant impact on the island's economy.more
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Good evening my fellow citizens: This Government, as promised, has maintained the closest surveillance of the Soviet Military buildup on the island of Cuba.†18 more
Show general definition communist country in the Caribbean on the largest island in the West Indies which is 90 miles from Florida