Notes of a Native Son — Vocabulary
James Baldwin
1955 Essay
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
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unprecedentednot having happened before
Human impact on the environment is increasing at an unprecedented rate.more
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The fact that he did not dare caused me to despise him: I had no way of knowing that he was facing in that living room a wholly unprecedented and frightening situation.†1 more
not having happened before; or nothing similar having happened before
Show general definition not having happened before; or nothing similar having happened before
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devisecome up with (invent or create)
She plans to devise something to launch water balloons.more
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It seemed to me that God himself had devised, to mark my father's end, the most sustained and brutally dissonant of codas.†1 more
devisedevised:came up with (invented or created)
Show general definition for devise (as in: devise a plan) to come up with a way of doing something -- typically a creative idea or plan
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apocalypseworld-ending disaster
She packed emergency supplies, joking that she wanted to be ready in case of an apocalypse.more
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I had declined to believe in that apocalypse which had been central to my father's vision; very well, life seemed to be saying, here is something that will certainly pass for an apocalypse until the real thing comes along.†2 more
an event involving terrible destruction
Show general definition an event involving terrible destruction that ends the world as we know it; or (especially when capitalized) the end of the world as prophesized in the Christian book of Revelation
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despisedespisedespises:dislikes strongly and looks down upon
She despises the people he works for.more
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The fact that he did not dare caused me to despise him: I had no way of knowing that he was facing in that living room a wholly unprecedented and frightening situation.†2 more
dislike strongly and look down upon
Show general definition to dislike strongly and to look down upon with disrespect
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chroniclong-lasting or happening repeatedly
She struggled with chronic back pain that made even simple tasks difficult.more
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That year in New Jersey lives in my mind as though it were the year during which, having an unsuspected predilection for it, I first contracted some dread, chronic disease, the unfailing symptom of which is a kind of blind fever, a pounding in the skull and fire in the bowels.†1 more
of something bad:  lasting a long time or happening repeatedly
Show general definition of something bad:  lasting a long time or happening repeatedly -- especially in relation to illness
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recurhappen again
The infection is less likely to recur if you finish all the recommended antibiotics.more
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Once this disease is contracted, one can never be really carefree again, for the fever, without an instant's warning, can recur at any moment.†1 more
to happen repeatedly or a second time
Show general definition to happen repeatedly or a second time
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precedeprecedepreceded:were before in time
Stone tools preceded bronze tools.more
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But the year which preceded my father's death had made a great change in my life.†
precedepreceded:went or was before
Show general definition to go or do before
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subsequentfollowing
Her guess was proven right by subsequent developments.more
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But now they were ready for me and, though some dreadful scenes were subsequently enacted in that restaurant, I never ate there again.†
subsequentsubsequently:following something else
Show general definition following something else
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tactthe ability and tendency to say or handle things in such a way that others feel good about them
She has the tact of a politician or diplomat.more
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When I was around nine or ten I wrote a play which was directed by a young, white schoolteacher, a woman, who then took an interest inme, and gave me books to read and, in order to corroborate my theatrical bent, decided to take me to see what she somewhat tactlessly referred to as "real" plays.†
tacttactlessly:in an offensive manner
Show context notes The suffix "-lessly" in tactlessly means in a manner that is without. This is the same pattern you see in words like harmlessly, fearlessly, and remorselessly.
Show general definition the ability or act of saying or handling things in such a way that others feel good about them
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apprehensiveworried
She is apprehensive about her new job.more
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When his life had ended I began to wonder about that life and also, in a new way, to be apprehensive about my own.†
nervous or worried
Show general definition worried over possible misfortune
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coherentsensible and clear
She presented a compelling and coherent plan.more
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Every man in the chapel hoped that when his hour came he, too, would be eulogized, which is to say forgiven, and that all of his lapses, greeds, errors, and strayings from the truth would be invested with coherence and looked upon with charity.†
coherentcoherence:sensibleness or clarity; or describing parts as fitting together in a consistent or pleasing manner
Show general definition sensible and clear; or describing parts as fitting together in a consistent or pleasing manner
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dubiousquestionable or unreliable
The theory is based on dubious evidence that hasn’t been verified.more
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The facts were somewhat different—for example, the soldier had not been shot in the back, and was not dead, and the girl seems to have been as dubious a symbol of womanhood as her white counterpart in Georgia usually is, but no one was interested in the facts.†
doubtful; or suspicious; or full of uncertainty -- sometimes to indicate that something described as good is actually bad
Show general definition doubtful, questionable, or suspicious -- especially in a way that makes something seem unreliable, improper, or uncertain

doubtful
in various senses, including:
  • questionable or doubtful that something should be relied upon -- as in "The argument relies on a dubious assumption."
  • suspicious or doubtful that something is morally proper -- as in "The company is accused of using dubious sales practices to influence minors."
  • bad or of questionable value -- as in "The state has the dubious distinction of the highest taxes."
  • uncertain or doubtful -- as in "She is dubious about making the change."
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enableenableenables:makes possible
The test enables earlier identification of autism.more
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We had not known that he was being eaten up by paranoia, and the discovery that his cruelty, to our bodies and our minds, had been one of the symptoms of his illness was not, then, enough to enable us to forgive him.†
make possible
Show general definition to make possible
in various senses, including:
  • to give someone the ability, knowledge, or authority to do something -- as in "The study will enable an informed discussion."
  • to activate a computer system for use -- as in "You can enable the feature in the Settings Page."
  • to permit someone to repeat bad behavior, so they reinforce the bad pattern -- as in "I don't want to enable her drug addiction."
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motivationreason for doing something
A generous commission structure provides motivation to our salespeople.more
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My father could scarcely disagree but during the four or five years of our relatively close association he never trusted her and was always trying to surprise in her open, Midwestern face the genuine, cunningly hidden, and hideous motivation.†
the reason for doing something; or the level of desire to do something
Show general definition the reason for doing something; or the level of desire to do something
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complacentunworried and satisfied
She had become complacent after years of success.more
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But this does not mean, on the other hand, that love comes easily: the white world is too powerful, too complacent, too ready with gratuitous humiliation, and, above all, too ignorant and too innocent for that.†1 more
Show general definition contented (unworried and satisfied) -- often to a fault
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corroboratesupport
The detectives looked for evidence to corroborate her story.more
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When I was around nine or ten I wrote a play which was directed by a young, white schoolteacher, a woman, who then took an interest inme, and gave me books to read and, in order to corroborate my theatrical bent, decided to take me to see what she somewhat tactlessly referred to as "real" plays.†2 more
to support an opinion -- typically with additional evidence or testimony
Show general definition to support an opinion -- typically with additional evidence or testimony
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antidotecure
The doctor gave her an antidote to counteract the snake venom.more
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—a stronger antidote to this poison than one had found for oneself.†3 more
Show general definition a cure for something bad -- especially for poison
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reciprocatereturn the feeling
She was attracted to him, and he seemed to reciprocate.more
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He treated almost everybody on our block with a most uncharitable asperity and neither they, nor, of course, their children were slow to reciprocate.†
give in return
Show general definition to give in return -- such as invitations, gifts, actions, or feelings
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rancorfeelings of deep and bitter anger or hatred
She made the suggestion to reduce the partisan rancor.†more
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The first idea was acceptance, the acceptance, totally without rancor, of life as it is, and men as they are: in the light of this idea, it goes without saying that injustices is a commonplace.†
deep and bitter anger or hatred
Show general definition deep and bitter anger or hatred -- especially when long-standing
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unanimouswith everyone in complete agreement
It was a unanimous decision.more
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I did not know what I had done, and I shortly began to wonder what anyone could possibly do, to bring about such unanimous, active, and unbearably vocal hostility.†
with everyone in agreement
Show general definition with everyone in agreement