The Four Freedoms — Vocabulary
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
1941 State of the Union Speech
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democracy
The United States has a representative democracy.more
Show sample from bookBut as time went on, as we remember, the American people began to visualize what the downfall of democratic nations might mean to our own democracy.†
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unprecedented
Human impact on the environment is increasing at an unprecedented rate.more
Show sample from bookI use the word "unprecedented" because at no previous time has American security been as seriously threatened from without as it is today.† Show general definitionnot having happened before; or nothing similar having happened before |
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tyranny
The U.S. constitution was designed with checks and balances and limited government to protect Americans from tyranny.more
Show sample from bookThe American people have unalterably set their faces against that tyranny.† Show general definitionharsh and unjust rule |
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nevertheless
The class was hard. Nevertheless, it was my favorite.more
Show sample from bookWhile the Napoleonic struggles did threaten interests of the United States because of the French foothold in the West Indies and in Louisiana, and while we engaged in the War of 1812 to vindicate our right to peaceful trade, it is nevertheless clear that neither France nor Great Britain nor any other nation was aiming at domination of the whole world.†
Show general definitiondespite thatShow editor's word notesBased on idea 1 we might not expect idea 2, but this is a way of saying that even though idea 1 was just stated, we still have idea 2. Synonyms include in spite of that, despite that, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the other hand, in contrast and but. |
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primarily
Did the author mention multiple companies primarily to demonstrate diversity of solutions or to show that interest in the industry is widespread?more
Show sample from bookThe need of the moment is that our actions and our policy should be devoted primarily — almost exclusively — to meeting this foreign peril.†
Show general definitionmainly (most importantly) |
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attain
She was the first woman to attain the rank of general.more
Show sample from bookIt is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation.† Show context notesThe suffix "-able" means able to be. This is the same pattern you see in words like breakable, understandable, and comfortable.Show general definitionto gain or reach something with effort |
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Show sample from bookSince the beginning of our American history we have been engaged in change, in a perpetual, peaceful revolution, a revolution which goes on steadily, quietly, adjusting itself to changing conditions without the concentration camp or the quicklime in the ditch.† Show general definitioncontinuing forever without change; or occurring so frequently it seems constant |
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abundant
Farmers in the region enjoy good soil, moderate temperatures, and an abundant supply of water.more
Show sample from bookAnd today it is abundantly evident that American citizens everywhere are demanding and supporting speedy and complete action in recognition of obvious danger.† |
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resolute
She stood resolute as some complained that she was asking too much of the team.more
Show sample from bookSecondly, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to full support of all those resolute people everywhere who are resisting aggression and are thereby keeping war away from our hemisphere.† Show general definitionfirm in purpose, belief, or action |
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immune
People are immune if they've had the virus previously or been vaccinated.more
Show sample from bookThere is much loose talk of our immunity from immediate and direct invasion from across the seas.† Show general definitionnot in danger of being affected by something -- especially a diseaseor: relating to disease resistance |
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peril
The mountaineers faced many perils on their ascent to the summit, including treacherous icefalls and avalanches.more
Show sample from bookThe need of the moment is that our actions and our policy should be devoted primarily — almost exclusively — to meeting this foreign peril.† Show general definitiondanger |
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acquiesce
She is opposed, but she will ultimately acquiesce to the will of the majority.more
Show sample from bookThird, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to the proposition that principles of morality and considerations for our own security will never permit us to acquiesce in a peace dictated by aggressors and sponsored by appeasers.† Show general definitionreluctant or unenthusiastic compliance, consent, or agreement |
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Show sample from bookDuring 16 long months this assault has blotted out the whole pattern of democratic life in an appalling number of independent nations, great and small.†
Show general definitionshockingly terrible or horrible |
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incidental
She requested reimbursement of $10 for incidental expenses.†more
Show sample from bookIn times like these it is immature — and, incidentally, untrue — for anybody to brag that an unprepared America, single-handed and with one hand tied behind its back, can hold off the whole world.† Show general definition for incidental (as in: an incidental expense)something that comes with something else, but is less important than it
sometimes in a specialized sense, including:
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assail
Critics assailed the author’s latest work, questioning its originality and depth.more
Show sample from bookI suppose that every realist knows that the democratic way of life is at this moment being directly assailed in every part of the world — assailed either by arms or by secret spreading of poisonous propaganda by those who seek to destroy unity and promote discord in nations that are still at peace.† Show general definitionto attack or cause trouble |
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appropriate
The money has been appropriated, but it hasn't yet been spent.more
Show sample from bookI shall ask this Congress for greatly increased new appropriations and authorizations to carry on what we have begun. Show general definition for appropriate (as in: Congress will appropriate funds)to set aside for a particular use |
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Show sample from bookWe are working day and night to solve the innumerable problems and to catch up.†
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Show sample from bookWe should remember that the peace of 1919 was far less unjust than the kind of pacification which began even before Munich, and which is being carried on under the new order of tyranny that seeks to spread over every continent today.† Show general definitioncalm someone who is angry; or establish peaceShow editor's word notesSynonym Comparison (if you're into word choice):"Pacify" is often chosen to imply success in creating a peaceful state. "Placate" can imply that concessions were made and/or that anger was successfully replaced with goodwill. "Mollify" is a more neutral selection. |
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the Netherlands
About half of the Netherlands is a meter or less above sea level with 17% falling below sea level.more
Show sample from bookThey did not wait for Norway or Belgium or the Netherlands to commit an act of war.†
Show general definitiona European country (sometimes called Holland) which together with two autonomous regions in the Caribbean make up the Kingdom of the NetherlandsShow editor's word notesPeople of The Netherlands are called Dutch and their language is called Dutch.People sometimes refer to the Netherlands as Holland, but North and South Holland represent only two of the twelve provinces. Netherlands literally means "lower countries". Much of the country is reclaimed land that is below sea level. The country is also known for canals, tulip fields, windmills, and bicycling. The capital is Amsterdam. |
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unilateral
Rather than await negotiations, the country unilaterally cut tariffs on imports.†more
Show sample from bookSuch aid -- Such aid is not an act of war, even if a dictator should unilaterally proclaim it so to be. Show general definitioninvolving only one part or side |
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