Listening - One Writer's Beginnings - Chpt 1 — Vocabulary
Eudora Welty
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
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respectiverelating separately to the people or things just mentioned
Our salespeople are paid in accordance with their respective sales.more
Show sample from book
Here are the rich boy and the poor boy and Mr. Barlow, their teacher and interlocutor, in long discourses alternating with dramatic scenes—danger and rescue allotted to the rich and the poor respectively.†2 more
respectiverespectively:separately in the specified order
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heedheedheedlessness:pay close attention to
Heed the advice of those who have been there before.more
Show context notes The suffix "-lessness" in heedlessness means in a state without. This is the same pattern you see in words like fearlessness, powerlessness, and harmlessness.
Show sample from book
I had the feeling even in my heedless childhood that this was the only book my father as a little boy had had of his own.†1 more
heedheedless:ignorant or ignoring; or not following advice
Show context notes The suffix "-less" in heedless means without. This is the same pattern you see in words like fearless, homeless, and endless.
Show general definition pay close attention to; or to do what is suggested -- especially with regard to a warning or other advice
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operaa classical music play in which most of the dialogue is sung
She is a popular opera singer.more
Show sample from book
I read straight through his other love-from-afar: the Victrola Book of the Opera, with opera after opera in synopsis, with portraits in costume of Melba, Caruso, Galli-Curci, and Geraldine Farrar, some of whose voices we could listen to on our Red Seal records.†
a musical play with orchestra in which most of the dialogue is sung (or the art form that consists of such musicals; or describing something as related to that art form)
Show general definition a form of musical theater with orchestra in which most of the words are sung, often in a classical style and sometimes in a foreign language
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legislatureelected body that makes laws
The state legislature passed a law to increase the minimum wage, but the governor vetoed it while claiming it would reduce the number of entry-level jobs for young people.more
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She also proposed a spelling match between the fourth grade at Davis School and the Mississippi Legislature, who went through with it; and that told the Legislature.†2 more
a group, made up of government representatives, that has the power to create laws
Show general definition a group made up of government representatives (usually elected) that has the power to create laws
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cadencerhythm or recurring pattern
The sound of the waves crashing on the shore had a comforting cadence.more
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The cadence, whatever it is that asks you tobelieve, the feeling that resides in the printed word, reaches me through the reader-voice.†1 more
Show general definition rhythm or recurring pattern of sounds or movements
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deprivedeprivedeprived:left without a basic comfort
The storm deprived the town of electricity.more
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All my life I continued to feel that bliss for me would have to imply my mother's deprivation or sacrifice.†1 more
deprivedeprivation:to take away or keep from having
Show general definition to take away or keep from having
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evangelista Christian who tries to convince others to become Christians
The well-known evangelist, Billy Graham, filled the stadium.more
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EVANGELISTS visited Jackson then; along with the Red-path Chautauqua and political speakings, they seemed to be part of August.†1 more
evangelistevangelists:someone who actively tries to persuade others to accept a belief or cause…
Show general definition someone who actively tries to persuade others to accept a belief or cause, especially a Christian preacher who urges people to become Christians
Show editor's word notes Most often, evangelist refers to a Christian who preaches and tries to win converts, sometimes on television, radio, or at large revival meetings. More broadly, the word can be used for anyone who strongly promotes an idea, product, or cause—such as a “climate evangelist” or a “tech evangelist.” When capitalized as Evangelist in Christian writing, it can also refer to one of the traditional authors of the four Gospels in the New Testament: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
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embeddedfirmly stuck into or enclosed within
The archaeologists found an ancient coin embedded in the clay.more
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It was tightly closed, but I opened it, to find to my puzzlement and covetousness two polished buffalo nickels, embedded in white cotton.†1 more
firmly within; or placed firmly within
Show general definition firmly within; or placed within
in various senses, including:
  • firmly stuck into -- as a thorn into a finger
  • enclosed within -- as a fossil within a rock
  • implanted as a part -- sometimes specifically of a reporter
  • integrated in hardware -- as of a computer chip
  • firmly set within -- as of a character trait
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adversaryopponent
She is his greatest adversary.more
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For one thing, simply as a fiction writer, I am minus an adversary—except, of course, that of time—and for another thing, the act of writing in itself brings me happiness.†
Show general definition an opponent
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attaingain or reach something with effort
She was the first woman to attain the rank of general.more
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And of course, as soon as the boys attained anywhere near the right age, there was an electric train, the engine with its pea-sized working headlight, its line of cars, tracks equipped with switches, semaphores, its station, its bridges, and its tunnel, which blocked off all other traffic in the upstairs hall.†
attainattained:gained or reached something with effort
Show general definition to gain or reach something with effort
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mitigatemitigatemitigating:serving to make less harmful or unpleasant
Don't judge her so harshly until you consider the mitigating circumstances.more
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It made him lastingly righteous so that he knew just what to say in the Jackson Daily News when one of our fellow Mississippians had the unmitigated gall to publish, and expect other Mississippians to read, a book like Sanctuary.†
mitigateunmitigated:complete (not diminished) -- usually used to say that something that is harmful or unpleasant is not in any way made less bad
Show context notes The prefix "un-" in unmitigated means not and reverses the meaning of mitigated. This is the same pattern you see in words like unhappy, unknown, and unlucky.
Show general definition make less harmful or unpleasant
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criteriareference points against which things can be evaluated
We're considering five primary criteria as we compare job applicants.†more
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He pointed out that everything in life had been made for the convenience of right-handed people, because they were the majority, and he often used "what the majority wants" as a criterion for what was for the best.†
criteriacriterion:a reference point against which things can be evaluated
Show general definition reference points against which things can be evaluated
Show editor's word notes Note that "criterion" is the singular form. Though not seen as often as "criteria", it is reasonably common. Today, "criterions" is acceptable in place of "criteria", though seldom used.
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impartialwithout favoritism or bias
An impartial judge is necessary for a fair trial.more
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With a swing of her bell that took her whole right arm and shoulder, she rang it, militant and impartial, from the head of the front steps of Davis School when it was time for us all to line up, girls on one side, boys on the other.†
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ominousthreatening
I'm beginning to hear ominous rumblings of discontent.more
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It is not for nothing that an ominous feeling often attaches itself to a procession.†
threatening (suggestive of, or foreshadowing bad things to come)
Show general definition threatening (suggestive of, or foreshadowing bad things to come)
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opulentmagnificent and luxurious
We were impressed by her opulent home.more
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An opulence of story books covered my bed; it was the "Land of Counterpane."†
opulentopulence:magnificence or luxury
Show general definition magnificent and luxurious -- usually expensive
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repugnantdisgusting
Her behavior is shocking and repugnant.more
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But all that absorbed me, though it started as outrage, was the necessity I felt for entering into the mind and inside the skin of a character who could hardly have been more alien or repugnant to me.†
Show general definition disgusting
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derogatorydisrespectful
It is unacceptable to use derogatory terms to reference a race or ethnicity.more
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She could do whatever her hands were doing without having to stop talking; and she could speak in a wonderfully derogatory way with any number of pins stuck in her mouth.†
expressing disrespect or criticism
Show general definition expressing disrespect or criticism
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gistmain point(s)
Just tell me the gist of the matter.more
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The gist of her tale would be lost on me, but Fannie didn't bother about the ear she was telling it to; she just liked telling.†
the main point(s) of a more detailed matter
Show general definition the main point(s) of a more detailed matter
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inordinateexcessive
She has an inordinate fear of spiders.more
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She emerges in my perhaps inordinate number of schoolteacher characters.†
excessive or more than is reasonable or normal
Show general definition excessive or more than is reasonable or normal
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abridgeabridgeabridged:shortened
The first commercially available audiobook was a 1981 abridged version of the Doctor Who story, State of Decay.more
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Here to help us grow up arguing around the diningroom table were the Unabridged Webster, the Columbia Encyclopedia, Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia, the Lincoln Library of Information, and later the Book of Knowledge.†
abridgeunabridged:not shortened or reduced in scope
Show context notes The prefix "un-" in unabridged means not and reversed the meaning of abridged. This is the same pattern you see in words like unhappy, unknown, and unlucky.
Show general definition reduce in scope while retaining essential elements -- especially to a book