Crediting Poetry — Vocabulary
Seamus Heaney
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
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externaloutside (in this case, trade with people and companies in other countries)
External trade makes up almost half of the country's economy.more
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But I credit it ultimately because poetry can make an order as true to the impact of external reality and as sensitive to the inner laws of the poet's being as the ripples that rippled in and rippled out across the water in that scullery bucket fifty years ago.†2 more
outside
Show general definition outside
in various senses, including:
  • coming from or existing outside a place, organization or thing -- as in "external trade"
  • forming or relating to an outside boundary -- as in "external walls"
  • on the surface or superficial as contrasted to something that is deep or complete -- as in "external appearances"
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deriveget
She likes to win, but she doesn't derive pleasure from watching others lose.more
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It is an adequacy deriving from what Mandelstam called "the steadfastness of speech articulation," from the resolution and independence which the entirely realized poem sponsors.†1 more
derivederiving:getting
Show general definition to get something from something else

(If the context doesn't otherwise indicate where something came from, it is generally from reasoning--especially deductive reasoning.)
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opulentmagnificent and luxurious
We were impressed by her opulent home.more
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So, partly as a result of having internalized these attitudes through growing up with them, and partly as a result of growing a skin to protect myself against them, I went for years half-avoiding and half —resisting the opulence and extensiveness of poets as different as Wallace Stevens and Rainer Maria Rilke; crediting insufficiently the crystalline inwardness of Emily Dickinson, all those forked lightnings and fissures of association; and missing the visionary strangeness of Eliot.†1 more
opulentopulence:magnificence or luxury
Show general definition magnificent and luxurious -- usually expensive
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massacrecrushing defeat
Her team lost 12–0 in what can only be described as a complete massacre on the field.more
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It knows that the massacre will happen again on the roadside, that the workers in the minibus are going to be lined up and shot down just after quitting time; but it also credits as a reality the squeeze of the hand, the actuality of sympathy and protectiveness between living creatures.†2 more
crushing defeat or brutal, overwhelming attack
Show general definition crushing defeat or brutal, overwhelming attack — used figuratively in competition and literally for violent killings
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partitionpartitionpartitioned:divided into parts
The classroom was partitioned into smaller sections using folding walls.more
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The crux of that problem involves an ongoing partition of the island between British and Irish jurisdictions, and an equally persistent partition of the affections in Northern Ireland between the British and Irish heritages;†2 more
to divide something into parts…
Show general definition to divide something into parts; or a divider itself, or one of the sections created
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constrainedrestricted
The standard of living is ultimately constrained by worker productivity.more
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Which is why for years I was bowed to the desk like some monk bowed over his prie-dieu, some dutiful contemplative pivoting his understanding in an attempt to bear his portion of the weight of the world, knowing himself incapable of heroic virtue or redemptive effect, but constrained by his obedience to his rule to repeat the effort and the posture.†1 more
restricted; or lacking spontaneity
Show general definition restricted or inhibited
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harrowingfrightening
It was a harrowing journey through war-torn Afghanistan.more
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One of the most harrowing moments in the whole history of the harrowing of the heart in Northern Ireland came when a minibus full of workers being driven home one January evening in 1976 was held up by armed and masked men and the occupants of the van ordered at gunpoint to line up at the side of the road.†
frightening or unsettling
Show general definition for harrowing (as in: a harrowing story) frightening or unsettling
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meagerlacking in quantity or quality
We make the most of our meager resources.more
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Blowing up sparks for meagre heat.†1 more
meagermeagre:lacking in quantity or quality
Show context notes This is a British spelling. Americans use meager.
Show general definition lacking in quantity or quality
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contextcontextout of context:in a misleading manner (because the quote left out additional words that changed the meaning of what was quoted)
She said she was quoted out of context and that anyone who read her full speech would know it.more
Show context notes When someone is quoted "out of context" it means that selected words were quoted that misrepresent the meaning of all their words.

For example, if you said "I admire their effort, but they are dead wrong if they think this will work," and someone implied that you supported their plan by quoting you as only saying, "I admire their effort," they would be quoting you out of context.
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By which I do not mean merely to consign it to a typology of folktales, or to dispute its value by questioning its culture bound status within a multi-cultural context.†
the setting or situation in which something occurs
Show general definition the setting or situation in which something occurs
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alludealludealluded:indirectly referenced
He alluded to Susan without mentioning her name.more
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Yeats barely alluded to the civil war or the war of independence in his Nobel speech.†
Show general definition to make an indirect reference
Show editor's word notes The expression, no allusion can mean "not even an indirect reference"; i.e., neither a direct nor an indirect reference to something.
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conformconformconformist:someone who thinks and acts like others in a group
Most teenagers are surprisingly conformist within their subgroup.more
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The century has witnessed the defeat of Nazism by force of arms; but the erosion of the Soviet regimes was caused, among other things, by the sheer persistence, beneath the imposed ideological conformity, of cultural values and psychic resistances of a kind that these stories and images enshrine.†
conformconformity:compliance, fitting in, or being similar to what is normal
Show general definition to comply, fit in, or be similar to what is normal
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positivepositivepositively:in a good or beneficial manner
Lower interest rates positively affected home sales.†more
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If there was something ominous in the newscaster's tones, there was something torpid about our understanding of what was at stake; and if there was something culpable about such political ignorance in that time and place, there was something positive about the security I inhabited as a result of it.†more
good or beneficial
Show general definition for positive (as in: had a positive effect) good or beneficial
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steadfastfirmly consistent
The old lighthouse stood steadfast against the crashing waves.Lang, Andrew  —  The Yellow Fairy Bookmore
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Feeling puny in my predicaments as I read about the tragic logic of Osip Mandelstam's fate in the 1930s, feeling challenged yet steadfast in my noncombatant status when I heard, for example, that one particularly sweetnatured school friend had been interned without trial because he was suspected of having been involved in a political killing.†1 more
Show general definition firmly consistent
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monka male member of a religious order typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience
The Tibetan monk wore an orange robe.more
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This is a story about another monk holding himself up valiantly in the posture of endurance.†1 more
a male member of a religious order typically living under vows of poverty, chast…
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indigenousoriginally from there
Los Angeles replaced Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples Day.†more
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I can, of course, imagine it being deconstructed nowadays as a paradigm of colonialism, with Kevin figuring as the benign imperialist (or the missionary in the wake of the imperialist), the one who intervenes and appropriates the indigenous life and interferes with its pristine ecology.†1 more
of local origin
Show general definition of local origin
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enmityhatred between enemies
The war has deepened tribal enmity.more
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We had fed the heart on fantasies, The heart's grown brutal from the fare; More substance in our enmities Than in our love; O honey-bees, Come build in the empty house of the stare.†1 more
enmityenmities:hatred toward someone or between people -- typically long-lasting
Show general definition hatred toward someone or between people -- typically long-lasting
Show editor's word notes Synonym Comparison (if you're into word choice):

"Enmity" is used in place of synonyms like "hatred" to indicate a feeling that runs deeper and is typically longer in the making.
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idioman expression whose meaning cannot be inferred from the meanings of the words that make it up
Having just arrived from Egypt, I did not understand what she meant by the idiom, "Don't cut corners."more
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The child in the bedroom, listening simultaneously to the domestic idiom of his Irish home and the official idioms of the British broadcaster while picking up from behind both the signals of some other distress, that child was already being schooled for the complexities of his adult predicament, a future where he would have to adjudicate among promptings variously ethical, aesthetical, moral, political, metrical, sceptical, cultural, topical, typical, post-colonial and, taken all together, simply impossible.†1 more
idiomidioms:a way of putting things that is characteristic of a specific group of people
Show general definition a way of putting things that is characteristic of a specific group of people
Show editor's word notes An idiom typically refers to an expression whose meaning cannot be inferred from the meanings of the words that make it up (as in "feeling under the weather"). It can also refer to a particular artistic style.
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provisionaltemporary or not final
Some states issue a provisional driver's license and require no moving violations under it prior to issuing a full license.more
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So it was that I found myself in the mid-nineteen seventies in another small house, this time in Co. Wicklow south of Dublin, with a young family of my own and a slightly less imposing radio set, listening to the rain in the trees and to the news of bombings closer to home-not only those by the Provisional IRA in Belfast but equally atrocious assaults in Dublin by loyalist paramilitaries from the north.†1 more
temporary; OR  in effect while awaiting approval or a more permanent solution
Show general definition temporary; or in effect while awaiting approval or a more permanent solution
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conducivehelpful
The dorm room was not conducive to studying.more
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Rain comes down through the alders, Its low conducive voices Mutter about let-downs and erosions And yet each drop recalls The diamond absolutes.†
helpful; or tending to contribute (to something)
Show general definition helpful; or tending to contribute (to something)
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paradigmparadigmparadigms:conceptual models
They are analyzing the problem with incompatible paradigms.more
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I can, of course, imagine it being deconstructed nowadays as a paradigm of colonialism, with Kevin figuring as the benign imperialist (or the missionary in the wake of the imperialist), the one who intervenes and appropriates the indigenous life and interferes with its pristine ecology.†
a conceptual model
Show general definition a conceptual model