Do You Speak American? — Vocabulary
Robert MacNeil and William Crane
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| Exemplary sample | Uses | ACT/SAT |
|---|---|---|
| 135 | top 2000 | |
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dialect
It's not uncommon to hear "y'all" when talking in the American south where the rural areas still have a distinct dialect.more
Show sample from bookSome regional dialects have long enjoyed prestige; others suffer from generations of prejudice.† Show general definitiona regional variety of a languageShow editor's word notesA dialect can use a different accent, vocabulary, and grammar than other dialects of the same language. |
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| 45 | top 2000 | |
Show sample from bookHe believes that coming to a language late can be an advantage, because one brings better credentials, linguistic, cultural, and emotional.† Show general definitionrelated to language |
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| 17 | top 500 | |
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assimilate
There is a delicate balance between assimilation and loss of cultural identity.more
Show sample from bookMany authorities claimed that the nation could no longer assimilate immigrants in such numbers as in the past.† Show general definitiontake in, transform, or fit in
The exact meaning of assimilate can depend upon its context. For example:
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| 6 | top 100 | |
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negative
Higher interest rates negatively affected home sales.more
Show sample from bookThese negative attitudes find their focus in attacks on minority languages, which are all too obviously badges of ethnicity. Show general definition for negative (as in: had a negative effect)bad or harmful |
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| 1 | top 100 | |
Show sample from bookSome distinctive expressions have been on the rise—for example, the use of weren't for the past tense in negative sentences regardless of subject person or number, such as "weren't me," or "She weren't home." Show general definition for negative (as in: negative feedback from customers)to express criticism or disagreement, or (especially when talking over a radio or in a military setting) to say "no" |
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| 12 | top 500 | |
Show sample from bookThink, for example, of how you guys has now become a generic form of address: it is gender-, age-, and class-neutral, and decidedly informal.† Show general definition for gender (as in: gender discrimination)male or femaleor (especially regarding self-identification): the state of being male, female, or in any of many trans categories Show editor's word notesWhile the word sex can almost always be substituted for this meaning of gender, gender is typically used in reference to cultural or social differences, while sex is typically used for biological differences. |
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| 14 | top 1000 | |
Show sample from bookIn the 1720s, when they began migrating to America in large numbers, many landed in Philadelphia.† Show general definitionmove from one place to another -- sometimes seasonally |
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| 11 | top 1000 | |
Show sample from bookParadoxically, the truth seems to be that, where change occurs, it is often creating more diversity, not less.†
Show general definitionthe condition of variety -- especially in reference to members of a population group who are of different races or cultures |
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| 12 | top 1000 | |
Show sample from bookSurfer Dude or Valley Girl, the urban black language of hip-hop artists, or any of a dozen other regional or ethnic dialects that together constitute American English—some of them barely intelligible to one another?†
Show general definitionrelating to a city |
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| 7 | top 100 | |
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context
She said she was quoted out of context and that anyone who read her full speech would know it.more
Show context notesWhen someone is quoted "out of context" it means that selected words were quoted that misrepresent the meaning of all their words.For example, if you said "I admire their effort, but they are dead wrong if they think this will work," and someone implied that you supported their plan by quoting you as only saying, "I admire their effort," they would be quoting you out of context. Show sample from bookIn the right context, a split infinitive can look like the end of civilization as we know it.† Show general definitionthe setting or situation in which something occurs |
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| 7 | top 200 | |
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innovate
Apple is considered one of the most innovative companies.more
Show sample from bookBut if our language stopped changing it would mean that American society had ceased to be dynamic, innovative, pulsing with life—that the great river had frozen up.† Show general definitionbring something new to an environment |
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| 6 | top 100 | |
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adapt
Ideas contained in passages for this test, some of which are excerpted or adapted from published material, do not necessarily represent the opinions of the College Board.more
Show sample from bookTo communicate all of this, American language adapts.† Show general definition for adapt (as in: adapted to the new rules)changed to fit a different situation; or made suitable |
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| 10 | top 1000 | |
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prejudice
The group works to eliminate racial prejudice.more
Show sample from bookSome regional dialects have long enjoyed prestige; others suffer from generations of prejudice.† Show general definitionbias that prevents objective consideration -- especially an unreasonable belief that is unfair to members of a race, religion, or other group |
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| 9 | top 1000 | |
Show sample from bookThey thought to solve it by substituting synthetic voices so clearly nonhuman that people would not succumb to gender stereotypes, but people still did.† Show general definitionartificial (man-made rather than natural); or not genuine |
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| 85 | ||
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linguist
She is a linguist specializing in Native American languages.more
Show sample from bookLinguists would challenge Prince Charles on two grounds: First, the concept of "words that shouldn't be" is alien to the freedom inherent in English.† Show general definitiona specialist in the study of languageor: a person who is skilled in multiple languages |
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| 6 | top 1000 | |
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jargon
The medical jargon used by the doctors was difficult for the patient to understand.more
Show sample from bookTake the common American expression come clean, to tell or confess everything, which originated in cant, or underworld jargon, and emerged as common slang in the 1920s.† Show general definitionwords or expressions commonly used in a particular field but not understood by most people |
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| 7 | ||
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idiom
Having just arrived from Egypt, I did not understand what she meant by the idiom, "Don't cut corners."more
Show sample from bookAway from that intellectual battleground, ordinary Americans can be either gloriously relaxed about their language or, to use the popular idiom, decidedly uptight.† Show general definitiona way of putting things that is characteristic of a specific group of peopleShow editor's word notesAn idiom typically refers to an expression whose meaning cannot be inferred from the meanings of the words that make it up (as in "feeling under the weather"). It can also refer to a particular artistic style. |
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| 5 | ||
Show sample from bookWall faulted Bush, as governor of Texas, for not taking action, like cutting off state funds, after the El Cenizo ordinance.† Show general definition for ordinance (as in: passed the ordinance)a rule or law -- typically enacted by city government |
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| 4 | ||
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satire
The play is a sharp satire of celebrity culture, mocking our obsession with fame.more
Show sample from bookRecently La Cucaracha has emerged as the title and chief character, a human-size cockroach, of a satirical cartoon strip syndicated in more than sixty American newspapers.† Show general definition for satire (as in: wrote a satire)a way of making fun of people or ideas -- often through exaggeration |
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| 2 | top 1000 | |
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paradigm
They are analyzing the problem with incompatible paradigms.more
Show sample from bookSimon's own strong emotions about the state of American English came to national attention in 1980 with his book Paradigms Lost: Reflections on Literacy and Its Decline.† Show general definitiona conceptual model |
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