The Waste Land — Vocabulary
T. S. Eliot
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
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prudentsensible and careful
She was promoted to manager because she is so prudent.more
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401 My friend, blood shaking my heart The awful daring of a moment's surrender Which an age of prudence can never retract By this, and this only, we have existed Which is not to be found in our obituaries Or in memories draped by the beneficent spider 407 Or under seals broken by the lean solicitor In our empty rooms DA Dayadhvam: I have heard the key Turn in the door once and turn once only 411 We think of the key, each in his prison thinking of the key, each confirms a prison Only at nightfall, aethereal rumours Revive for a moment a broken Coriolanus DA Damyata: The boat responded Gaily, to the hand expert with sail and oar The sea was calm, your heart would have responded Gaily, when inv†
prudentprudence:good sense and caution
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lamentlamentlamented:expressed grief about
She lamented the loss.more
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What is that sound high in the air 366 Murmur of maternal lamentation Who are those hooded hordes swarming Over endless plains, stumbling in cracked earth Ringed by the flat horizon only What is the city over the mountains Cracks and reforms and bursts in the violet air Falling towers Jerusalem Athens Alexandria Vienna London Unreal A woman drew her long black hair out tight And fiddled whisper music on those strings And bats with baby faces in the violet light Whistled, and beat their wings And crawled head downward down a blackened wall And upside down in air were towers Tolling reminiscent bells, that kept the hours And voices singing out of empty cisterns and exhausted wells.†
lamentlamentation:passionate expression of grief or sorrow
Show general definition to express grief or regret
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endeavorendeavorendeavored:tried or attempted
I endeavored to get both sides to agree to a compromise.more
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The time is now propitious, as he guesses, The meal is ended, she is bored and tired, Endeavours to engage her in caresses Which are still unreproved, if undesired.†
endeavorendeavours:attempts; or things attempted
Show context notes This is a British spelling. Americans use endeavors.
Show general definition to attempt; or a project or activity attempted
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syntheticartificial (man-made rather than natural)
The couch is covered with synthetic leather.more
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In vials of ivory and coloured glass Unstoppered, lurked her strange synthetic perfumes, Unguent, powdered, or liquid — troubled, confused And drowned the sense in odours; stirred by the air That freshened from the window, these ascended In fattening the prolonged candle-flames, Flung their smoke into the laquearia, 92 Stirring the pattern on the coffered ceiling.†
artificial (man-made rather than natural); OR  not genuine
Show general definition artificial (man-made rather than natural); or not genuine
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bestowgive (as an honor)
They gave her the highest honor they can bestow.more
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Bestows one final patronising kiss, And gropes his way, finding the stairs unlit...She turns and looks a moment in the glass, Hardly aware of her departed lover; Her brain allows one half-formed thought to pass: 'Well now that's done: and I'm glad it's over.'†
bestowbestows:gives
Show general definition to give -- typically to present as an honor or give as a gift
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burnishburnishburnished:polished
The jeweler carefully burnished the silver bracelet until it gleamed.more
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A Game of Chess The Chair she sat in, like a burnished throne, 77 Glowed on the marble, where the glass Held up by standards wrought with fruited vines From which a golden Cupidon peeped out (Another hid his eyes behind his wing) Doubled the flames of sevenbranched candelabra Reflecting light upon the table as The glitter of her jewels rose to meet it, From satin cases poured in rich profusion.†
burnishburnished:polished and made shiny; or improved something
Show general definition to polish, especially to make metal shiny; or more generally, to improve or enhance something’s appearance or reputation
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hypocritesomeone who violates claimed moral standards
She calls him a hypocrite for suggesting a green lifestyle except when it is personally inconvenient.more
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Hypocrite lecteur!†
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martyrmartyrmartyrdom:someone who dies upholding religious principles
Many believe that all the Apostles were martyred except John; however, the Bible reports only on the martyrdom of James.more
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O City city, I can sometimes hear Beside a public bar in Lower Thames Street, The pleasant whining of a mandoline And a clatter and a chatter from within Where fishmen lounge at noon: where the walls Of Magnus Martyr hold 264 Inexplicable splendour of Ionian white and gold.†
someone who dies or suffers to uphold principles
Show general definition someone who is killed or made to suffer greatly for their beliefs, often unjustly; or someone who acts as if they suffer a lot; or to make someone into such a person
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hordevery large number
A horde of reporters descended on the small town.more
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What is that sound high in the air 366 Murmur of maternal lamentation Who are those hooded hordes swarming Over endless plains, stumbling in cracked earth Ringed by the flat horizon only What is the city over the mountains Cracks and reforms and bursts in the violet air Falling towers Jerusalem Athens Alexandria Vienna London Unreal A woman drew her long black hair out tight And fiddled whisper music on those strings And bats with baby faces in the violet light Whistled, and beat their wings And crawled head downward down a blackened wall And upside down in air were towers Tolling reminiscent bells, that kept the hours And voices singing out of empty cisterns and exhausted wells.†
hordehordes:large numbers
Show general definition a very large number -- typically of people, animals, or insects on the move
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infrequentnot often
The power outages are infrequent, but they are highly disruptive.more
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63 Sighs, short and infrequent, were exhaled, 64 And each man fixed his eyes before his feet.†
not happening often
Show general definition not happening often
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obituarya notice of someone's death with a short biography
Her eldest daughter wrote an obituary that was published in the local paper and online.more
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401 My friend, blood shaking my heart The awful daring of a moment's surrender Which an age of prudence can never retract By this, and this only, we have existed Which is not to be found in our obituaries Or in memories draped by the beneficent spider 407 Or under seals broken by the lean solicitor In our empty rooms DA Dayadhvam: I have heard the key Turn in the door once and turn once only 411 We think of the key, each in his prison thinking of the key, each confirms a prison Only at nightfall, aethereal rumours Revive for a moment a broken Coriolanus DA Damyata: The boat responded Gaily, to the hand expert with sail and oar The sea was calm, your heart would have responded Gaily, when inv†
obituaryobituaries:published death notices with short biographies
Show general definition a published notice of someone's death -- usually printed in a newspaper with a short biography
Show editor's word notes The section of the newspaper that reports deaths is called the "Obituaries".
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wroughtworked or crafted
The windows have decorative wrought iron bars for security.more
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wrought with fruited vines
worked (decoratively)
Show general definition for wrought (as in: wrought iron) worked -- as when iron is shaped to fit by bending or beating
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reprovereprovereproves:criticizes
She's the kind of boss who reproves in private and praises in public.more
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The time is now propitious, as he guesses, The meal is ended, she is bored and tired, Endeavours to engage her in caresses Which are still unreproved, if undesired.†
reproveunreproved:not criticized
Show context notes The prefix "un-" in unreproved means not and reverses the meaning of reproved. This is the same pattern you see in words like unhappy, unknown, and unlucky.
Show general definition express disapproval or criticism -- typically in a mild manner & sometimes even in a friendly manner
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Carthageancient city state on the north African coast
Carthage was founded in the 9th century BC on the coast of Northwest Africa, in what is now Tunisia.more
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la la To Carthage then I came†
an ancient city state on the north African coast
Show general definition for Carthage (as in: the ancient city-state) ancient North African city and trading empire, near modern Tunis, that became a powerful rival of Rome
Show editor's word notes Carthage was founded by Phoenician traders and grew rich by controlling trade across the western Mediterranean, including parts of Spain and islands like Sicily.

It fought three major wars with Rome, called the Punic Wars. The Carthaginian general Hannibal is famous for leading his army (and war elephants) over the Alps to attack Rome during the Second Punic War. In the end, Rome destroyed Carthage in 146 BC and later rebuilt the site as a Roman city.

Carthage was destroyed again in 698 during the Arab conquest of North Africa, and the nearby city of Tunis eventually became the main center in the area.

Today, "Carthage" can also symbolize a once-great power that was completely defeated.
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supinelying down face upward
The Olympic luge team hits speeds of 80 m.p.h. while supine on their sled.more
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By Richmond I raised my knees
Supine on the floor of a narrow canoe.
Show general definition lying down face upward
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windwardthe direction from which the wind is coming
The windward side of the island gets more rain.more
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Gentile or Jew O you who turn the wheel and look windward, Consider Phlebas, who was once handsome and tall as you.
the direction or side from which the wind is coming
Show general definition the direction or side from which the wind is coming
Show editor's word notes When someone refers to a "north wind", they are saying that "windward" is north.
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neverthelessdespite that (used to connect contrasting ideas)
The class was hard. Nevertheless, it was my favorite.more
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42 Madame Sosostris, famous clairvoyante,43 Had a bad cold, nevertheless Is known to be the wisest woman in Europe, With a wicked pack of cards.†
Show general definition despite that
Show editor's word notes Based on idea 1 we might not expect idea 2, but this is a way of saying that even though idea 1 was just stated, we still have idea 2.  Synonyms include in spite of that, despite that, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the other hand, in contrast and but.
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indifferentwithout interest
About a third are in favor of the change, a third are opposed, and a third are indifferent.more
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Flushed and decided, he assaults at once; Exploring hands encounter no defence; His vanity requires no response, And makes a welcome of indifference.†
Show general definition without interest
in various senses, including:
  • unconcerned -- as in "She is indifferent to what is served to eat."
  • unsympathetic -- as in "She is indifferent to his needs."
  • not of good quality (which may imply average or poor quality depending upon context) -- as in "an indifferent performance"
  • impartial -- as in "We need a judge who is indifferent."
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musemusemused:reflected (thought) deeply
He mused aloud about the afternoon's developments.more
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musing upon the king my brother's wreck
musemusing:reflecting (thinking)
Show general definition for muse (as in: her musings) reflect (think) deeply on a subject -- perhaps aloud
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resentresentresents:feels angry or unhappy (due to a sense of injustice)
A Canadian from Toronto, she resents it when she is mistaken for an American while traveling.more
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What should I resent?†
feel angry or unhappy about having to accept something not liked
Show general definition to feel anger or unhappiness about something seen as unjust or something that creates jealousy