1984 — Vocabulary
George Orwell
(Edited)

Book sample Uses ACT/SAT
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demonstratedemonstratedemonstrating:showing
The belief that nothing exists outside your own mind — surely there must be some way of demonstrating that it was false?p.266.410 more
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The salesperson demonstrated features of both phones so I could compare them.more
demonstratedemonstrated:showed
Show general definition for demonstrate (as in: It demonstrates my point.) to show
The exact meaning of this sense of demonstrate can depend upon its context. For example:
  • "I will demonstrate how to throw a Frisbee." -- show how to do something
  • "I will demonstrate how much quicker the new computer is than the old one." -- show how something works
  • "Her questioned demonstrated that she was listening and thinking deeply about what was said." -- showed to be true or proved
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demonstrate#2demonstratedemonstrations:public displays of support
All over Oceania this morning there were irrepressible spontaneous demonstrations when workers marched out of factories and offices and paraded through the streets with banners voicing their gratitude to Big Brother for the new, happy life which his wise leadership has bestowed upon us.p.58.110 more
Show exemplary sample (not from book)
The students demonstrated against hate speech.more
demonstratedemonstrated:joined with others in a public protest
Show general definition for demonstrate (as in: demonstrate to protest) a public display supporting a cause -- usually joining with others in a political protest
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establishcreate
He thought also of hurrying to the Community Centre and staying there till the place closed, so as to establish a partial alibi for the evening.p.101.96 more
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Which word choice best maintains the tone established in the first paragraph?more
establishestablished:created
Show general definition for establish (as in: establish a positive tone) create, start, or set in [a] place
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establish#2prove
For how could you establish even the most obvious fact when there existed no record outside your own memory?p.35.96 more
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The passage is primarily about establishing the relationship between the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and global temperature.more
establishestablishing:showing or demonstrating
Show general definition for establish (as in: establish that there is a need) show or determine (cause to be recognized or figure out)
21 top 2000
orthodoxorthodoxorthodoxy:conforming to commonly accepted beliefs and behaviors
Orthodoxy means not thinking — not needing to think.p.53.320 more
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The new findings challenge orthodox views.more
normal
Show general definition normal (describing thinking or behavior as commonly or traditionally accepted)
20
heresybeliefs considered to be immoral
The Russians persecuted heresy more cruelly than the Inquisition had done.p.254.119 more
Show exemplary sample (not from book)
It is a hardline form of Sunni Islam that condemns all other strains as heresy.more
something immoral
Show general definition opinions or actions most people consider immoral
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relevantimportant to the issue in question
But the really relevant date was seven or eight years earlier.p.75.33 more
Show context notes This is from the scene in the book when a scrap of newspaper missed destruction and fell into Winston's hands year's later. It was the only time he ever had "concrete evidence" that the Party changed recorded history. The "relevant date" was the date in history that was changed.
Show exemplary sample (not from book)
Shannon tells an interesting story, but it's not relevant to the decision we have to make.more
important (related in a meaningful way)
Show general definition relating in a meaningful way to the issue in question
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consciousintentional (done on purpose with effort)
The proles had stayed human. They had not become hardened inside. They had held on to the primitive emotions which he himself had to re-learn by conscious effort.p.165.662 more
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She made a conscious effort to speak more slowly.more
intentional
Show general definition for conscious (as in: a conscious effort to lose weight) intentional (done on purpose) -- perhaps with significant effort
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conscious#2aware
— for it is an abiding characteristic of the Low that they are too much crushed by drudgery to be more than intermittently conscious of anything outside their daily lives —p.201.962 more
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She prides herself on being socially conscious.more
aware and concerned
Show general definition for conscious (as in: environmentally conscious) aware or concerned about something
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conscious#3consciousunconsciously:without self-awareness
Almost unconsciously he traced with his finger in the dust on the table: 2+2=5p.290.562 more
Show context notes The prefix "un-" in unconsciously means not and reverses the meaning of consciously. This is the same pattern you see in words like unhappy, unknown, and unlucky. Also note that while many people use this as a synonym for subconsciously, experts in the mind may distinguish a difference.
Show exemplary sample (not from book)
In that kind of situation, there's no time for conscious thought. You just have to react instinctively.more
mental activity of which one is self-aware
Show general definition for conscious (as in: the conscious mind) mental activity of which one is self-aware
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inferfigure out by reasoning
There was no physical act, no word spoken aloud, that they had not noticed, no train of thought that they had not been able to infer.p.276.91 more
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Which of the following facts can you infer from the first paragraph?more
figure out or guess by reasoning
Show general definition to figure out or guess by reasoning
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approachtechnique (way of doing something)
But in matters of vital importance — meaning, in effect, war and police espionage — the empirical approach is still encouraged, or at least tolerated.p.193.611 more
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Perhaps I just need to work harder, but I may need an entirely different approach to the problem.more
method (way of doing something)
Show general definition for approach (as in: use the best approach) a way of doing something; or a route that leads to a particular place
1 top 2000
approach#2approachapproached:begun communication on a delicate topic
A week had gone by since she had first approached him.p.112.911 more
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They approached her about becoming a member of the committee.more
approachapproached:began communication with
Show general definition for approach (as in: approached her with the proposal) to begin communication with someone about something -- often a proposal or a delicate topic
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composecomposecomposed:written
The words of these songs were composed without any human intervention whatever on an instrument known as a versificator.p.138.25 more
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The assignment is to compose a poem.more
write
Show general definition for compose (as in: compose a poem) to write or create something with care
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compose#2composecomposed:made
It aroused in Winston dim memories of something seen long ago on a wall or a hoarding — a vast bottle composed of electric lights which seemed to move up and down and pour its contents into a glass.p.170.95 more
Show exemplary sample (not from book)
The United States is composed of 50 states.more
composecomposed:made up
Show general definition for compose (as in: composed of many parts) to create something by arranging parts
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compose#3calm
He lay back on the bed and tried to compose himself.p.280.45 more
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I took a deep breath to compose myself and then began my speech.more
Show general definition for compose (as in: compose myself) to calm someone or settle something
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rectifycorrect
The messages he had received referred to articles or news items which for one reason or another it was thought necessary to alter, or, as the official phrase had it, to rectify.p.38.77 more
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I am doing what I can to rectify the error.more
correct, fix, or make right
Show general definition for rectify (as in: rectify the error) correct, fix, or make right
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obsoletereplaced with something better
Then he went on: 'What I had really intended to say was that in your article I noticed you had used two words which have become obsolete.'p.158.13 more
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My mother still has a twenty-year-old obsolete computer in storage.more
no longer in general use because it was replaced by something better
Show general definition no longer in general use because it was replaced by something better
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differentiatedifferentiatedifferentiated:made different
He began speaking with the peculiar grave courtesy that differentiated him from the majority of Inner Party members.p.157.42 more
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How does your company differentiate itself from the competition?more
make different; or show difference
Show general definition for differentiate (as in: differentiate our product) to make different; or to show difference
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implyimplyimplied:suggested
Even the written instructions which Winston received, and which he invariably got rid of as soon as he had dealt with them, never stated or implied that an act of forgery was to be committed: always the reference was to slips, errors, misprints, or misquotations which it was necessary to put right in the interests of accuracy.p.40.81 more
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She wouldn't make a direct statement, but she implied that she supported our position.more
implyimplied:hinted or suggested
Show general definition to suggest or say indirectly -- possibly as a logical consequence