All 7 Uses

although
in
Running in the Family
(Auto-generated)

Although the best Sinhalese tennis players competed up-country, they would move back to Colombo if they had to play champions from other nations—as the excessive heat could be guaranteed to destroy the visitors.†
p. 39.9

although = even though -- used to connect contrasting ideas
He talked to no one on those days, although he recognized friends, was aware of everything that was going on.†
p. 58.8 *
Although her family was not excessive in their affairs, they shielded anyone who was in the midst of a passion.†
p. 111.4
The problem was that she could not sit down for the whole evening but had to walk or waltz stiffly from side to side with her various beaux who, although respecting the imagination behind the outfit, found her beautiful frame almost unapproachable.†
p. 118.6
Although he tormented his own father's rules of decorum he simultaneously and almost secretly valued the elements of honour and gentleness.†
p. 169.6
He reportedly couldn't stand his mother-in-law, Lalla, for what he saw as her crudeness, although the stories about my father are closer in style to those about Lalla than anyone else.†
p. 169.7
And although he disliked them I think he was quite proud of this trait in himself.†
p. 193.4

Definitions:

(1) (although)
even though -- used to introduce an idea that contrasts with or makes the main statement surprising

At the start of a sentence, although can play a role similar to words like however, yet, still, even so, on the other hand, or nonetheless—all of which signal contrast. In the middle of a sentence, although can sometimes be used where but or though might also work, but though or but often sound more natural. For example, "She's a great teacher, though not the most popular" is usually smoother than "She's a great teacher, although not the most popular."
(2) (meaning too rare to warrant focus)