All 47 Uses of

establish

in

John Adams by McCullough

The general had since established a command at Cambridge, and it was there that Adams was headed.†
Subsection 1.1.1 (definition 1)

But the demolition of Carthage (what one should think should have established it in supreme dominion) by removing all danger, suffered it to sink into debauchery, and made it at length an easy prey to Barbarians.†
Subsection 1.1.2 (definition 1)

In the house that was now his own, in what had once been the kitchen, before a lean-to enlargement was added at back, he established his first proper law office.†
Subsection 1.1.2 (definition 1)

Rather, it was a statement of his own fervent patriotism and the taproot conviction that American freedoms were not ideals still to be obtained, but rights long and firmly established by British law and by the courage and sacrifices of generations of Americans.
Subsection 1.1.2 (definition 1)

established = created

Let it be known that British liberties are not the grants of princes or parliaments …. that many of our rights are inherent and essential, agreed on as maxims and established as preliminaries, even before Parliament existed…
Subsection 1.1.2 (definition 1)

established = existing

He established a Boston office and presently admitted two young men, Jonathan Austin and William Tudor, to read law with him, in return for fees of 10 pounds sterling.
Subsection 1.1.2 (definition 1)

established = created

Public-spirited Philadelphians inspired by Benjamin Franklin had established the first volunteer fire company in the colonies, the first medical school, and a library.†
Subsection 1.2.1 (definition 1)

It was Franklin also who had led the way in establishing the American Philosophical Society, "for the promoting of useful knowledge," with the result that Philadelphia had become the recognized center of American thought and ideas.†
Subsection 1.2.1 (definition 1)

But it was Paine's "feeble" understanding of constitutional government, his outline of a unicameral legislature to be established once independence was achieved, that disturbed Adams most.
Subsection 1.2.2 (definition 1)

established = created

He was looking beyond independence, beyond the outcome of the war, to what would be established once independence and victory were achieved.
Subsection 1.2.2 (definition 1)

That your sex are naturally tyrannical is a truth so thoroughly established as to admit of no dispute, but such of yours as wish to be happy willingly give up the harsh title of master for the more tender and endearing one of friend.
Subsection 1.2.2 (definition 2) *

established = demonstrated or proved

Be a listener only, keep within yourself, and endeavor to establish with yourself the habit of silence, especially in politics.†
Subsection 1.2.3 (definition 1)

The decree is gone forth, and it cannot be recalled, that a more equal liberty than had prevailed in other parts of the earth must be established in America.
Subsection 1.2.3 (definition 1)

established = created

Nor did he record what Adams, Lee, and George Wythe said, only that they declared public opinion to be ahead of Congress: that "the people wait for us to lead the way," that the European powers would neither trade nor treat with the colonies until they established independence, that "the present [military] campaign may be unsuccessful, and therefore we had better propose an alliance while our affairs wear a hopeful aspect."†
Subsection 1.2.3 (definition 1)

"This day the Continental Congress declared the United Colonies Free and Independent States," recorded a young artist newly established in Philadelphia, Charles Willson Peale, exuberant over the news.
Subsection 1.3.1 (definition 1)

established = settled

The idea had come from a slave belonging to Cotton Mather, an African named Onesimus, who had said the practice was long established in Africa, where those with the courage to use it were made immune, and he had his own scar on his arm to show.
Subsection 1.3.2 (definition 1)

established = familiar (well-known)

A sermon preached one Sunday by an unknown southern Baptist minister led to an extended essay on New England and southern preachers, the benefits of travel and education, Adams's own ambition to establish a Boston Philosophical Society, and concluded with a consideration of the shortcomings of his fellow New Englanders, in which he was also writing about himself.†
Subsection 1.3.2 (definition 1)

Less than a mile from Passy, in the village of Auteuil, a cordial, well-to-do Scot named William Alexander established residence in order to be close to his dear old friend Dr. Franklin.†
Subsection 2.4.3 (definition 1)

A tone of absolute clarity and elevated thought was established in the opening lines, in a Preamble, a new feature in constitutions, affirming the old ideal of the common good founded on a social compact:
Subsection 2.4.4 (definition 1)

established = set or created

There, among the "philosophical apparatus," Adams had offered to some of his dinner companions his dream of establishing a Society of Arts and Sciences at Boston, as a counterpart to the American Philosophical Society at Philadelphia.
Subsection 2.4.4 (definition 1)

establishing = creating

" BY ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC FORM, no emissary ever proclaimed his mission —his "public character"—until the government to which he was accredited was ready to receive him.†
Subsection 2.5.2 (definition 1)

Adams was by then established in his commodious new residence in Amsterdam on the Keizersgracht.
Subsection 2.5.2 (definition 1)

established = settled

On August 24, with the arrival of a packet of letters from Congress sent on by Franklin from Paris, Adams learned that his commission as peacemaker had been revoked and a new commission established.†
Subsection 2.5.2 (definition 1)

Furthermore, the real political power was not in the office of the governor, but in the Assembly, as Jefferson himself, distrusting executive authority, had helped to establish.†
Subsection 2.6.3 (definition 1)

But for all this it remained at heart a lawyer's brief for what he had said in his Thoughts on Government, and what he had helped establish in practice in the Massachusetts constitution.†
Subsection 2.7.4 (definition 1)

By his opinions, advice, and recommendations, he has, I believe, in his power to do as much, perhaps the most, towards establishing her character as a respectable nation of any man in America—and shall he retire from the world and bury himself amongst his books, and live only for himself?
Subsection 2.7.4 (definition 1)

establishing = settling, or setting in a place

BY PROCEDURE established in the new Constitution, the President was to be chosen by "electors" named by the state legislatures.
Subsection 3.8.1 (definition 1)

established = created

…great when it can thus call forth the voluntary honors of a free and enlightened people [wrote the Massachusetts Centinell But the attentions shown on this occasion were not merely honorary—they were the tribute of gratitude due to a man who after retirement from trials and services which were of 18 years unremitted continuance, hath again stepped forth to endeavor to establish and perpetuate that independence …. and which his exertions have so greatly contributed to produce.†
Subsection 3.8.1 (definition 1)

With issues of such immense national consequence to be addressed, policies to be considered and resolved, precedents to establish, laws to enact, an entire new structure for the governance of the nation to be brought into being, could he, given his nature, do justice to the essentially passive, ceremonial role he had been chosen to fill?†
Subsection 3.8.2 (definition 1)

Then, as not specified in the Constitution, he added, "So help me God," and kissed the Bible, thereby establishing his own first presidential tradition.
Subsection 3.8.2 (definition 1)

establishing = setting in place

A Judiciary Act was deliberated and passed, establishing a federal court system, and set the size of the Supreme Court.
Subsection 3.8.2 (definition 1)

establishing = creating

I have always understood, sir, that the citizens of these States were possessed of a full and entire freedom of opinion upon all subjects civil as well as religious; they have not yet established any infallible criterion of orthodoxy, either in church or state …. and the only political tenet which they could stigmatize with the name of heresy would be that which should attempt to impose an opinion upon their understandings, upon the single principle of authority.†
Subsection 3.8.3 (definition 1)

Many of the harshest attacks on Hamilton's economic policies—and some of the more biting comments on Washington himself—came from the National Gazette, a newspaper newly established in Philadelphia as an antidote to the partisan Federalist views of the Gazette of the United States, to which Alexander Hamilton was a regular contributor of essays and money.
Subsection 3.8.3 (definition 1)

established = started

But when it became known that the editor of the new National Gazette, Philip Freneau, had been encouraged to establish the paper by Madison and Jefferson, and that he was also employed by Jefferson as a translator in the Department of State, it appeared Jefferson himself had a hand in the attacks on the President and the administration.†
Subsection 3.8.3 (definition 1)

Monarchy and aristocracy must be annihilated, and the rights of the people firmly established.
Subsection 3.8.4 (definition 1) *

established = created

Passion, prejudice, interest, necessity have governed and will govern; and a century must roll away before any permanent and quiet system will be established…… You and I must look down from the battlements of Heaven if we ever have the pleasure of seeing it.
Subsection 3.8.4 (definition 1)

By the time Adams returned to Philadelphia in December and established himself in different lodgings, at the Francis Hotel, the so-called Whiskey Rebellion had ended.
Subsection 3.8.4 (definition 1)

established = settled

Stopping at New York en route to Philadelphia in December, Adams was delighted to find Charles well established in a "commodious" home and office on Front Street, and pleased, too, with Sally, who "behaved prettily in her new sphere."
Subsection 3.8.4 (definition 1)

From his latest information, Jefferson said, it appeared Adams's election to the "first magistracy" was an established fact.
Subsection 3.8.5 (definition 1)

Long a man of decided temperament, Adams was as determined as he had ever been to maintain the policy of neutrality established by Washington, while refusing to submit to any indignities or to sacrifice American honor—he was determined, in essence, to fulfill his own inaugural promises.†
Subsection 3.9.2 (definition 1)

"The present period …. of two or three weeks," he told Madison in a burst of hyperbole, "is the most eventful ever known since that of 1775, and will decide whether the principles established by that contest are to prevail, or give way to those they subverted."†
Subsection 3.9.3 (definition 1)

In Philadelphia a number of French newspapers had been established.†
Subsection 3.9.3 (definition 1)

THE DAILY ROUNDS and established patterns of domestic life continued within the Adams homestead, which had come to be called the Big House—to distinguish it from the other houses by Penn's Hill—and an eyewitness account written years afterward by a kinsman is notable not only for its portraits of the elderly Abigail and John at home in or about the year 1808, but as evidence that "domestic economy," too, pertained no less than ever.†
Subsection 3.11.3 (definition 1)

The parentage and descent of Mrs. Adams were undoubtedly of weight establishing her position; though, as we now look at things, the strong personal claims of herself and husband would seem to have been all sufficient.
Subsection 3.11.3 (definition 1)

establishing = settling, or setting in a place

Some talked, some wrote, and some fought to promote and establish it, but you and Mr. Jefferson thought for us all…… I admire, as do all my family, the wonderful vivacity and imagery of your letters.†
Subsection 3.11.4 (definition 1)

When, in his next letter, Adams suggested that in addition to the military academy at West Point, which had been established during Jefferson's presidency, there ought to be a naval academy, Jefferson replied at once in agreement.
Subsection 3.12.3 (definition 1)

established = created

He apparently went to his grave believing the state lottery established in his behalf would resolve his financial crisis and provide for his family, but the lottery proved unsuccessful.
Subsection 3.12.5 (definition 1)

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Grouped by 2 Meanings

Definitions:

(1) (establish as in: establish a positive tone)
create, start, or set in [a] place

(2) (establish as in: establish that there is a need)
show or determine (cause to be recognized or figure out)

establish in John Adams by McCullough

establish

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John Adams by McCullough