All 50 Uses
bacteria
in
The Andromeda Strain
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- There are millions of species of bacteria, and thousands of species of insects.†
Chpt 5bacteria = microorganisms (living creatures so small it takes a microscope to see them)
- There are three billion men on the earth, and that seems a great many until we consider that ten or even one hundred times that number of bacteria can be contained within a large flask.†
Chpt 5
- That probability is as follows: FORM PROBABILITY Unicellular organisms or less (naked genetic information) 7840 Multicellular organisms, simple 1940 Multicellular organisms, complex but lacking coordinated central nervous system 0140 Multicellular organisms with integrated organ systems including nervous system 007g Multicellular organisms with complex nervous system capable of handling 7+ data (human capability) .0002 1.0000 These considerations lead me to believe that the first human interaction with extraterrestrial life will consist of contact with organisms similar to, if not identical to, earth bacteria or viruses.†
Chpt 5
- The consequences of such contact are disturbing when one recalls that 3 percent of all earth bacteria are capable of exerting some deleterious effect upon man.†
Chpt 5
- In 1955, he was the first to use the technique of multiplicative counts for bacterial colonies.†
Chpt 5bacterial = relating to microorganisms (living creatures so small it takes a microscope to see them)
- The award was given for work on bacterial mutant reversion that he had done in his spare time: as a law student at Michigan, when he was twenty-six.†
Chpt 5
- The argument stated that bacterial contamination was a two-edged sword, and that man must protect against both edges.†
Chpt 5
- Clearly, if a probe were being sent to Mars or Venus to search for new life forms, it would defeat the purpose of the experiment for the probe to carry earth bacteria with it.†
Chpt 5bacteria = microorganisms (living creatures so small it takes a microscope to see them)
- For example, NASA was building a Lunar Receiving Laboratory, a high-security facility for Apollo astronauts returning from the moon and possibly carrying bacteria or viruses harmful to man.†
Chpt 5
- Further, the problems of "clean rooms" of industry, where dust and bacteria were kept at a minimum, and the "sterile chambers" under study at Bethesda, were also major.†
Chpt 5
- His field had been the effects of bacteria on human tissues.†
Chpt 6
- Though men had known germs caused disease since Henle's hypothesis of 1840, by the middle of the twentieth century there was still nothing known about why or how bacteria did their damage.†
Chpt 6
- Yet he persisted, patiently elucidating the coats of the cell wall that caused a reaction in host tissue and helping to discover the half-dozen toxins secreted by the bacteria to break down tissue, spread infection, and destroy red cells.†
Chpt 6
- Subsections bacterial, viral, parasitic, other.†
Chpt 9bacterial = relating to microorganisms (living creatures so small it takes a microscope to see them)
- No. Have you contracted within the past year any gram-positive bacterial infection, such as streptococcus, staphylococcus, or pneumococcus?†
Chpt 10
- He knew that a variety of bacteria had effects on blood.†
Chpt 11bacteria = microorganisms (living creatures so small it takes a microscope to see them)
- Another was a coagulase, which coated the bacteria with protein to inhibit destruction by white cells.†
Chpt 11
- So it was possible that bacteria could alter blood.†
Chpt 11
- Perhaps no larger than a bacterium.†
Chpt 11bacterium = a microorganism (living creature so small it takes a microscope to see it)editor's notes: Bacteria, the plural form of this word is used much more commonly than the singular form and is even used to represent the singular form. Many Latin words that end in "um" are made plural by changing the "um" to "a"--such as bacterium to bacteria millennium to millennia, and curriculum to curricula. In modern writing, changing the "um" to "ums" is also accepted for many Latin words ending in um, but not for any of those listed above.
- Chalmers, a man with a keen sense of humor, had used the example of a man looking down on a microscope slide and seeing the bacteria formed into the words "Take us to your leader."†
Chpt 11bacteria = microorganisms (living creatures so small it takes a microscope to see them)
- Nothing that might provide a bacterial growth medium.†
Chpt 12bacterial = relating to microorganisms (living creatures so small it takes a microscope to see them)
- Karp, upon breaking open his meteorites, was able to isolate bacteria.†
Chpt 12bacteria = microorganisms (living creatures so small it takes a microscope to see them)
- He claimed that, while they were essentially similar to earthly bacteria in structure, being based upon proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, they had no cell nucleus and therefore their manner of propagation was a mystery.†
Chpt 12
- The Vector Three was a report that considered a crucial question: If a bacterium invaded the earth, causing a new disease, where would that bacterium come from?†
Chpt 12bacterium = a microorganism (living creature so small it takes a microscope to see it)editor's notes: Bacteria, the plural form of this word is used much more commonly than the singular form and is even used to represent the singular form. Many Latin words that end in "um" are made plural by changing the "um" to "a"--such as bacterium to bacteria millennium to millennia, and curriculum to curricula. In modern writing, changing the "um" to "ums" is also accepted for many Latin words ending in um, but not for any of those listed above.
- The Vector Three was a report that considered a crucial question: If a bacterium invaded the earth, causing a new disease, where would that bacterium come from?†
Chpt 12
- After consultation with astronomers and evolutionary theories, the Wildfire group concluded that bacteria could come from three sources.†
Chpt 12bacteria = microorganisms (living creatures so small it takes a microscope to see them)
- There was no doubt that organisms could survive— there was, for instance, a class of bacteria known as thermophilic that thrived on extreme heat, multiplying enthusiastically in temperatures as high as 70° C. Further, it was known that bacteria had been recovered from Egyptian tombs, where they had been sealed for thousands of years.†
Chpt 12
- There was no doubt that organisms could survive— there was, for instance, a class of bacteria known as thermophilic that thrived on extreme heat, multiplying enthusiastically in temperatures as high as 70° C. Further, it was known that bacteria had been recovered from Egyptian tombs, where they had been sealed for thousands of years.†
Chpt 12
- These bacteria were still viable.†
Chpt 12
- The secret lay in the bacteria's ability to form spores, molding a hard calcine shell around themselves.†
Chpt 12
- The report suggested that bacteria could have left the surface of the earth eons ago, when life was just beginning to emerge from the oceans and the hot, baked continents.†
Chpt 12
- Such bacteria would depart before the fishes, before the primitive mammals, long before the first ape-man.†
Chpt 12
- The bacteria would head up into the air, and slowly ascend until they were literally in space.†
Chpt 12
- Take up a harmless bacteria—such as the organism that causes pimples, or sore throats—and bring it back in a new form, virulent and unexpected.†
Chpt 12
- This whole idea of mutated bacteria seemed farfetched and unlikely to the Wildfire people.†
Chpt 12
- But the Wildfire team staunchly ignored both the evidence of their own experience—that bacteria mutate rapidly and radically—and the evidence of the Biosatellite tests, in which a series of earth forms were sent into space and later recovered.†
Chpt 12
- Biosatellite II contained, among other things, several species of bacteria.†
Chpt 12
- It was later reported that the bacteria had reproduced at a rate twenty to thirty times normal.†
Chpt 12
- In that case, bacteria could spread back through the tunnel to the outside.†
Chpt 14
- The media were jellied compounds containing various nutrients on which bacteria would feed and multiply.†
Chpt 15
- It had to do with theories of accommodation and mutual adaptation between bacteria and man.†
Chpt 16
- Most people, when they thought of bacteria, thought of diseases.†
Chpt 16
- Yet the fact was that only 3 percent of bacteria produced human disease; the rest were either harmless or beneficial.†
Chpt 16
- In the human gut, for instance, there were a variety of bacteria that were helpful to the digestive process.†
Chpt 16
- In fact, man lived in a sea of bacteria.
Chpt 16 *
- Everything he owned, anything he touched, every breath he breathed, was drenched in bacteria.†
Chpt 16
- Bacteria were ubiquitous.†
Chpt 16
- Both man and bacteria had gotten used to each other, had developed a kind of mutual immunity.†
Chpt 16
- A man easily killed by bacteria was poorly adapted; he didn't live long enough to reproduce.†
Chpt 16
- A bacteria that killed its host was also poorly adapted.†
Chpt 16
Definitions:
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(1)
(bacteria) microorganisms (living creatures so small it takes a microscope to see them) that can both cause disease and be beneficial.
(Bacteria are different and larger than viruses.)A single bacteria is called a bacterium and consists of a single cell that reproduces by splitting. (This is unlike a virus that uses cells in the body to reproduce.)
Bacteria are found virtually everywhere. For example, there are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a milliliter of fresh water. Many bacteria reside on our skin and in our bodies. For example, bacteria in the stomach help animals digest food. - (2) (meaning too rare to warrant focus)