Both Uses

heathen
in
The Count of Monte Cristo
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The patron of The Young Amelia proposed as a place of landing the Island of Monte Cristo, which being completely deserted, and having neither soldiers nor revenue officers, seemed to have been placed in the midst of the ocean since the time of the heathen Olympus by Mercury, the god of merchants and robbers, classes of mankind which we in modern times have separated if not made distinct, but which antiquity appears to have included in the same category.†
Chpt 22-23 *

heathen = someone who is not civilized or not moral OR an offensive term for a person who does not believe in a preferred religion
By degrees the sun disappeared behind the western horizon; but as though to prove the truth of the fanciful ideas in heathen mythology, its indiscreet rays reappeared on the summit of every wave, as if the god of fire had just sunk upon the bosom of Amphitrite, who in vain endeavored to hide her lover beneath her azure mantle.†
Chpt 117

Definitions:

(1) (heathen)
an often offensive (sometimes humorous) word for someone seen as uncivilized or immoral, especially because she does not share the speaker’s religion or comes from a culture unfamiliar with it

This word is usually judgmental or insulting, so today it is used mostly in joking contexts or when describing older attitudes.
(2) (meaning too rare to warrant focus)
More rarely, heathen can refer to a person who lacks culture or good taste.