Both Uses

measles
in
Oliver Twist
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The oldest inhabitants recollected no period at which measles had been so prevalent, or so fatal to infant existence; and many were the mournful processions which little Oliver headed, in a hat-band reaching down to his knees, to the indescribable admiration and emotion of all the mothers in the town.†
Chpt 6 *

measles = a highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash
'What do you mean by this?' said Sikes; backing the inquiry with a very common imprecation concerning the most beautiful of human features: which, if it were heard above, only once out of every fifty thousand times that it is uttered below, would render blindness as common a disorder as measles: 'what do you mean by it?†
Chpt 16

Definitions:

(1) (measles)
a highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash; occurs primarily in children
(2) (meaning too rare to warrant focus)