Both Uses of

Reformation
in
Anna Karenina

In adopting this course, I am not casting off a guilty wife, but giving her a chance of amendment; and, indeed, difficult as the task will be to me, I shall devote part of my energies to her reformation and salvation.
Part 3 *

reformation = improvement of existing practices

Though Alexey Alexandrovitch was perfectly aware that he could not exert any moral influence over his wife, that such an attempt at reformation could lead to nothing but falsity; though in passing through these difficult moments he had not once thought of seeking guidance in religion, yet now, when his conclusion corresponded, as it seemed to him, with the requirements of religion, this religious sanction to his decision gave him complete satisfaction, and to some extent restored his peace of mind.
Part 3

reformation = reform or improve existing practices

Definitions:

(1) (Reformation as in: the Reformation)
a series of Christian efforts to reform the Catholic Church which led to major protestant denominations separate than the Catholic Church (16th century)
(2) (reformation as in: reformation of the law)
attempt to reform or improve existing practices
(3) (meaning too rare to warrant focus)
meaning too rare to warrant focus:

The phrases Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation refer to a movement within the Catholic Church in response to the Protestant Reformation. The movement addressed corruption and abuses within the church while defending Catholicism and combatting Protestantism.