Both Uses

although
in
King Lear
(Auto-generated)

—Now, our joy, Although the last, not least; to whose young love The vines of France and milk of Burgundy Strive to be interess'd; what can you say to draw A third more opulent than your sisters?†
Scene 1.1

although = even though -- used to connect contrasting ideas
There is division, Although as yet the face of it be cover'd With mutual cunning, 'twixt Albany and Cornwall; Who have,—as who have not, that their great stars Throne and set high?†
Scene 3.1 *

Definitions:

(1) (although)
even though -- used to introduce an idea that contrasts with or makes the main statement surprising

At the start of a sentence, although can play a role similar to words like however, yet, still, even so, on the other hand, or nonetheless—all of which signal contrast. In the middle of a sentence, although can sometimes be used where but or though might also work, but though or but often sound more natural. For example, "She's a great teacher, though not the most popular" is usually smoother than "She's a great teacher, although not the most popular."
(2) (meaning too rare to warrant focus)