Fast Food Nation — Vocabulary
Eric Schlosser
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
11 top 100
themean idea that is unifying or recurrent
The party had a 1950's theme.more
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His first television series, Disneyland (1954), provided weekly updates on the construction work at his theme park.p.40.611 more
themetheme park:an amusement park with one or more basic underlying ideas -- such as the "Magic Kingdom" of Disneyworld
Show general definition for theme (as in: theme of the novel) a basic idea that underlies what is being said or done -- especially in a literary or artistic work
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theme#2primary melody
I smile every time I hear The Simpson's theme music.more
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As the loudspeakers play the theme song from Chariots of Fire, Lowe wheels Christopher Reeve onstage.p.106.911 more
music associated with a film
Show general definition for theme (as in: musical theme) the initial or primary melody of a musical composition

or

(as in "theme song") music that is most repeated in a film, television series, or other theatrical production
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obesesignificantly overweight (due to the accumulation of body fat)
The doctor advised the patient that he was considered obese and needed to lose weight for his health.more
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In other cases (such as the rise of franchising and the spread of obesity) fast food has played a more central role.†p.9.433 more
obeseobesity:the state of being significantly overweight (due to the accumulation of body fat)
Show general definition significantly overweight (due to the accumulation of body fat)
Show editor's word notes Obese is also used figuratively to describe something with large or fat dimensions.
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republicrepublicrepublics:governmental systems in which a majority of citizens elect representatives to make laws
The United States and each of its states are republics.more
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For years, one of OSHA's most severe critics in Congress has been Jay Dickey, an Arkansas Republican who once owned two Taco Bells.p.85.521 more
republicrepublican:of a system of government in which a majority of citizens elect representatives …
Show general definition for republic (as in: the country is a republic) of a system of government in which a majority of citizens elect representatives to make laws; or someone in favor of such a form of government
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subsequentfollowing
Her guess was proven right by subsequent developments.more
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The initial purchase of a food item may be driven by its packaging or appearance, but subsequent purchases are determined mainly by its taste.†p.121.112 more
following something else
Show general definition following something else
21 top 2000
tainttainttainted:spoiled or contaminated
Three people died from eating the tainted ice cream.more
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Again and again, efforts to prevent the sale of tainted ground beef have been thwarted by meat industry lobbyists and their allies in Congress.†p.9.220 more
Show general definition to spoil something so it is not desirable -- as when bacteria contaminates a food; or as when a rumor makes people distrust a person
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approachapproachapproaching:getting nearer
Winter is approaching.more
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As we approach the start of the line, for the first time I hear the steady pop, pop, pop of live animals being stunned.†p.171.17 more
get near
Show general definition for approach (as in: approached the city) to get closer to (near in space, time, quantity, or quality)
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approach#2method (way of doing something)
Perhaps I just need to work harder, but I may need an entirely different approach to the problem.more
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If the rap sessions failed to provide adequate information, the stroking was abandoned for a more direct approach.p.76.37 more
technique (way of doing something)
Show general definition for approach (as in: use the best approach) a way of doing something; or a route that leads to a particular place
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innovateinnovateinnovative:introducing things that are new and different
Apple is considered one of the most innovative companies.more
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With innovative technology and the proper organization, a small number of workers can produce an enormous amount of goods cheaply.†p.69.110 more
innovateinnovative:new and different
Show general definition bring something new to an environment
16
migrantmoving from one place to another  -- often seasonally for work
Her parents were migrant farm workers.more
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It was the last stop on Route 66, end of the line for truckers, tourists, and migrants from the East.†p.21.215 more
migrantmigrants:those who moves from one place to another
Show general definition a person (or animal) that moves from one place to another -- sometimes seasonally -- sometimes for work
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rigorousthorough
The scientist conducted a rigorous analysis of the data to ensure no detail was overlooked.more
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The meatpacking industry is now willing to perform the sort of rigorous testing for fast food chains that it refuses to do for the general public.p.221.45 more
thorough and careful
Show general definition for rigorous (as in: we follow a rigorous procedure) thorough and careful procedures
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rigorous#2difficult and demanding
The class was equally interesting and rigorous.more
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Ken has learned how to handle the rigors of working in a packing plant and is trying to help others do the same.p.188.15 more
rigorousrigors:difficulties
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bacteriamicroorganisms (living creatures so small it takes a microscope to see them)
The infection is caused by a bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics.more
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Most E. coli bacteria help us digest food, synthesize vitamins, and guard against dangerous organisms.p.199.613 more
Show general definition microorganisms (living creatures so small it takes a microscope to see them) that can both cause disease and be beneficial.

(Bacteria are different and larger than viruses.)
Show editor's word notes A single bacteria is called a bacterium and consists of a single cell that  reproduces by splitting. (This is unlike a virus that uses cells in the body to reproduce.)

Bacteria are found virtually everywhere. For example, there are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a milliliter of fresh water. Many bacteria reside on our skin and in our bodies. For example, bacteria in the stomach help animals digest food.
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microbemicrobemicrobes:living organisms such as a bacterium, or virus that are so small, they can be seen only with a microscope
There are trillions of beneficial microbes in the human body.more
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In the USDA study 78.6 percent of the ground beef contained microbes that are spread primarily by fecal material.†p.197.412 more
Show general definition a living organism such as a bacterium, or virus that is so small, it can be seen only with a microscope
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antitrustrelated to laws intended to promote free competition in the market place
Without antitrust law, it would be easier for companies to agree to charge higher prices.more
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In 1947, GM and a number of its allies in the scheme were indicted on federal antitrust charges.†p.16.87 more
Show general definition related to laws intended to promote free competition in the market place
Show editor's word notes When antitrust laws were originally enacted, companies that colluded to the disadvantage of consumers were called "trusts" -- hence the name "antitrust"  (since "anti" is a prefix meaning "against").
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cumulativeincrease through a series of additions over time
The benefits are cumulative.more
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Tendinitis and cumulative trauma disorders are also quite common.†p.173.25 more
increased by a series of additions
Show general definition increased by a series of additions over time
1
liabilitynegative trait
Her temper is her main liability. She hasn't learned to control angry attacks at anyone who disagrees with her.more
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Far from being a liability, a high turnover rate in the meatpacking industry — as in the fast food industry — also helps maintain a workforce that is harder to unionize and much easier to control.p.161.51 more
something that creates a problem
Show general definition for liability (as in: she is a liability to our cause) any negative trait or thing that creates a problem
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liability#2legal responsibility
The company accepted full liability for the accident.more
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For years the large meatpacking companies have managed to avoid the sort of liability routinely imposed on the manufacturers of most consumer products.p.196.81 more
legal responsibility (that can result in lawsuits)
Show general definition for liability (as in: legal liability) legal obligation or responsibility (that can result in lawsuits)
2 top 100
differentiaterecognize difference
The jury determined that she was able to differentiate between right and wrong.more
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Taste is supposed to help us differentiate food that's good for us from food that's not.p.123.11 more
recognize difference between
Show general definition for differentiate (as in: differentiate between right/wrong) to recognize difference
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monetarymoney
I don't do this job for monetary reward.more
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Fearing the potential monetary costs, three of the activists reluctantly appeared in court and apologized to McDonald's.†p.246.31 more
relating to or involving money
Show general definition relating to or involving money