The Marshall Plan — Vocabulary
George C. Marshall
1947 Speech
(Auto-generated)

Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
2 top 500
essentialnecessary
Water is essential for all forms of life.more
Show sample from book
An essential part of any successful action on the part of the United States is an understanding on the part of the people of America of the character of the problem and the remedies to be applied.†1 more
necessary or important or relating to the basic nature of something
Show general definition necessary or important; or a basic and defining part of something
2 top 1000
prejudiceunreasonable and unfair belief or feeling
The group works to eliminate racial prejudice.more
Show sample from book
Political passion and prejudice should have no part.†1 more
bias that prevents objective consideration
Show general definition bias that prevents objective consideration -- especially an unreasonable belief that is unfair to members of a race, religion, or other group
1 top 100
factorthing (that influenced a result)
Cost was an important factor in our decision.more
Show sample from book
It hangs, I think, to a large extent on the realization of the American people, of just what are the various dominant factors.†
factorfactors:things that affect a result or outcome
Show general definition for factor (as in: It was the deciding factor.) something that affects a result or outcome
Show editor's word notes You also may encounter x-factor or x factor--meaning "the most important thing that influences a result or outcome."
2 top 2000
rehabilitaterestore to good condition
She has been working to rehabilitate her reputation.more
Show sample from book
But even given a more prompt solution of these difficult problems, the rehabilitation of the economic structure of Europe quite evidently will require a much longer time and greater effort than has been foreseen.†1 more
rehabilitaterehabilitation:to restore someone to a state of good condition
Show general definition to restore someone (or more rarely, something) to a state of good condition -- such as recovery from addiction, illness, prison, or poor reputation
Show editor's word notes Rehab is sometimes used as an abbreviation for rehabilitation or a rehabilitation facility such as might be used to help someone recover from a drug addiction.

Although rehabilitate can be used generally, it is typically replaced with refurbish when talking about buildings or machines, and with recuperate when talking about recovery from an illness.
1 top 200
comprehendcomprehendcomprehends:fully understands
I don't think she comprehends how dangerous this has become.more
Show sample from book
Furthermore, the people of this country are distant from the troubled areas of the earth and it is hard for them to comprehend the plight and consequent reactions of the long-suffering peoples, and the effect of those reactions on their governments in connection with our efforts to promote peace in the world.†
understand -- especially to understand it completely
Show general definition to understand something -- especially to understand it completely
1 top 500
estimateroughly calculate or guess
What do you estimate this will cost?more
Show sample from book
In considering the requirements for the rehabilitation of Europe, the physical loss of life, the visible destruction of cities, factories, mines, and railroads was correctly estimated, but it has become obvious during recent months that this visible destruction was probably less serious than the dislocation of the entire fabric of European economy.†
estimateestimated:roughly calculated or guessed (based on incomplete information) a value, quantity, or extent of something
Show general definition rough calculation or judgment
1 top 500
cultivatedevelop or grow
We encourage our representatives to cultivate a close relationship with their clients.more
Show sample from book
He, therefore, has withdrawn many fields from crop cultivation and is using them for grazing.†
cultivatecultivation:development, growth, or preparation for growing crops
Show general definition enhance growth or development
in various senses, including:
  • to grow crops or prepare land for them
  • enhance a relationship -- especially for a purpose
  • develop discernment (better recognition of differences) in taste or judgment
  • to grow a culture in a petri dish
1 top 1000
principalmost important
The principal idea is that decisions should be made by the people who are most knowledgeable about specific circumstances that impact the decision.more
Show sample from book
The truth of the matter is that Europe's requirements for the next three or four years of foreign food and other essential products — principally from America — are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character.†
principalprincipally:primarily or most importantly
Show general definition most important; or person who is most important
The exact meaning of principal can depend upon its context. For example:
  • "the principal idea" or "the principal performer" -- the most important
  • "the principal of the school" -- the person in charge
  • "a principal of a company" -- an owner or person with controlling authority
  • "the principal in a transaction" (as contrasted to the agent) -- the person on whose behalf an agent acts
1 top 2000
deterioratebecome worse
The situation could quickly deteriorate.more
Show sample from book
The truth of the matter is that Europe's requirements for the next three or four years of foreign food and other essential products — principally from America — are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character.†
deterioratedeterioration:worsening; or the amount of worsening
1 top 1000
peasantpeasantpeasants:an historical term describing people of low income, education, and social standing
Most people in the Middle Ages were peasants.more
Show sample from book
The farmer or the peasant cannot find the goods for sale which he desires to purchase.†
used historically or possibly in relation to a very poor country:  a person of l…
Show general definition used historically or possibly in relation to a very poor country:  a person of low income, education, and social standing -- especially one who raises crops or livestock
1 top 2000
chaosextreme confusion and disorder
The country entered a period of civil war and chaos.more
Show sample from book
Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.†
a state of extreme confusion and disorder
Show general definition a state of extreme confusion and disorder
1 top 2000
NaziNaziNazis:members of Hitler's political party who thought they were superior to all others
The Nazis murdered about six million Jews as well as others they considered to be inferior or incurably sick.more
Show sample from book
Under the arbitrary and destructive Nazi rule, virtually every possible enterprise was geared into the German war machine.†
Hitler's fanatical and oppressive political party in World War II Germany
Show general definition Hitler's fanatical and oppressive political party in World War II Germany

or:

derogatory term for a person who is fanatical in their belief of superiority and their determination to control others
1 top 200
obsoleteno longer in general use because it was replaced by something better
My mother still has a twenty-year-old obsolete computer in storage.more
Show sample from book
Machinery has fallen into disrepair or is entirely obsolete.†
Show general definition no longer in general use because it was replaced by something better
1 top 500
arbitrarybased on chance or impulse
It was an arbitrary decision.more
Show sample from book
Under the arbitrary and destructive Nazi rule, virtually every possible enterprise was geared into the German war machine.†
Show general definition based on chance or impulse (rather than upon reasoning, consistent rules, or a proper sense of fairness)
1 top 1000
doctrineprinciple
She argues that the action is protected under the separation-of-powers doctrine that is fundamental to the US Constitution.more
Show sample from book
Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.†
a belief (or system of beliefs or principles) accepted as authoritative by some …
Show general definition a belief (or system of beliefs or principles) accepted as authoritative by some group
1 top 1000
initiativewillingness to act independently
She is smart, dedicated and has initiative. I expect to see her promoted soon.more
Show sample from book
The initiative, I think, must come from Europe.†
the ability and tendency to determine what should be done and to start doing it without instruction; or to start something
Show general definition the ability and tendency to determine what should be done and to start doing it without instruction

or:

to start something
The exact meaning of starting something depends upon the context. For example:
  • "She did it on her own initiative." -- started it without anyone telling her to
  • "She seized the initiative." -- started actions that force others to react to her rather than her having to react to them
  • "the peace initiative" -- a plan or the start of actions to bring about something
  • "a ballot initiative" -- a proposed law that is started by citizen petition rather than by the legislature (applicable in many jurisdictions such as California)
1 top 2000
alleviatelessen
Regular massage will help to alleviate the pain.more
Show sample from book
It is already evident that, before the United States Government can proceed much further in its efforts to alleviate the situation and help start the European world on its way to recovery, there must be some agreement among the countries of Europe as to the requirements of the situation and the part those countries themselves will take in order to give proper effect to whatever action might be undertaken by this Government.†
to lessen something that is bad -- especially to lessen pain
Show general definition to lessen something that is bad -- especially to lessen pain
1 top 2000
procureget
She said the Air Force lacks the funds to procure maintenance equipment it needs.†more
Show sample from book
So the governments are forced to use their foreign money and credits to procure these necessities abroad.†
get by special effort
Show general definition get by special effort
1
perpetuatecause to continue
Spreading false rumors can perpetuate harmful stereotypes.more
Show sample from book
Furthermore, governments, political parties, or groups which seek to perpetuate human misery in order to profit therefrom politically or otherwise will encounter the opposition of the United States.†
Show general definition to cause to continue
2 top 200
apparentclear or obvious
The effects of the drought are apparent to anyone who sees the dry fields.more
Show sample from book
That must be apparent to all intelligent people.†1 more
clear or obvious; OR  appearing as such but not necessarily so
Show general definition clear or obvious; or appearing as such but not necessarily so