A Crisis of Confidence — Vocabulary
Jimmy Carter
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
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democracya system of government in which citizens have power with equal votes
The United States has a representative democracy.more
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I want to talk to you right now about a fundamental threat to American democracy.†2 more
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yieldgive in
The country vowed not to yield to pressure from its larger neighbors.more
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You see every extreme position defended to the last vote, almost to the last breath by one unyielding group or another.†
yieldunyielding:strict, firm, or hard (not giving in, not giving way, or not giving up)
Show context notes The prefix "un-" in unyielding means not and reverses the meaning of yielding. This is the same pattern you see in words like unhappy, unknown, and unlucky.
Show general definition for yield (as in: yield to pressure) to give in, give way, or give up
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innovateinnovateinnovative:introducing things that are new and different
Apple is considered one of the most innovative companies.more
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We have the most skilled work force, with innovative genius, and I firmly believe that we have the national will to win this war.†
innovateinnovative:new and different
Show general definition bring something new to an environment
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moreoverin addition to what has just been said
The company has too much debt. Moreover, it is responsible for a long-term lease on expensive office space.more
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Moreover, I will soon submit legislation to Congress calling for the creation of this Nation's first solar bank, which will help us achieve the crucial goal of 20 percent of our energy coming from solar power by the year 2000.†
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crucialvery important
Doing well on the ACT is crucial to getting into the college I want to attend.more
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Moreover, I will soon submit legislation to Congress calling for the creation of this Nation's first solar bank, which will help us achieve the crucial goal of 20 percent of our energy coming from solar power by the year 2000.†
Show general definition very important or necessary -- often because it determines how something else will turn out
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abundantpresent in great quantity
Farmers in the region enjoy good soil, moderate temperatures, and an abundant supply of water.more
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Point four: I'm asking Congress to mandate, to require as a matter of law, that our Nation's utility companies cut their massive use of oil by 50 percent within the next decade and switch to other fuels, especially coal, our most abundant energy source.†
Show general definition present in great quantity
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mandatoryrequired by law
In our state, the mandatory minimum sentence for a gun crime is ten years.more
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I ask Congress to give me authority for mandatory conservation and for standby gasoline rationing.†
required by rule or law
Show general definition for mandatory (as in: it is mandatory) required by rule or law
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rationrationrationed:restricted in the amount each person could have
Gasoline was rationed during the 1970s oil embargo.more
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I ask Congress to give me authority for mandatory conservation and for standby gasoline rationing.†
rationrationing:restricting the amount of something each person can have -- such as food or gasoline when there is a shortage
Show general definition a fixed share of something, especially scarce goods like food or fuel; or to limit and distribute something in fixed shares
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indulgenttreating with extra kindness or leniency (in this case, not demanding enough of the children)
Indulgent parents risk spoiling their children.more
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In a nation that was proud of hard work, strong families, close-knit communities, and our faith in God, too many of us now tend to worship self-indulgence and consumption.†
indulgentself-indulgence:being excessively kind to or undemanding of oneself
Show general definition to treat with extra kindness or tolerance
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invincibleimpossible to defeat
They believe their army is invincible.more
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We were sure that ours was a nation of the ballot, not the bullet, until the murders of John Kennedy and Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. We were taught that our armies were always invincible and our causes were always just, only to suffer the agony of Vietnam.†
impossible to defeat or overcome
Show general definition impossible to defeat or overcome
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recessionperiod when the economy is doing poorly
The economy entered a recession.more
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It's clear that the true problems of our Nation are much deeper – deeper than gasoline lines or energy shortages, deeper even than inflation or recession.1 more
a period when the economy does poorly
Show general definition for recession (as in: economic recession) a period when the economy does poorly
Show editor's word notes Most people think of a recession as any period of two consecutive quarters of shrinking, real GDP.

Officially, a nonprofit organization, the National Bureau of Economic Research, determines when the U.S. economy has had a recession. Their proclamation is often a year after the recession started and almost never fails to call a recession indicated by the 2-quarter rule-of-thumb.
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syntheticartificial (man-made rather than natural)
The couch is covered with synthetic leather.more
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Just as a similar synthetic rubber corporation helped us win World War II, so will we mobilize American determination and ability to win the energy war.†
artificial (man-made rather than natural); OR  not genuine
Show general definition artificial (man-made rather than natural); or not genuine
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proverba well-known, short saying that is thought to communicate wisdom
She is a hard worker, an early riser, and fond of quoting the proverb, "The early bird gets the worm."more
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The confidence that we have always had as a people is not simply some romantic dream or a proverb in a dusty book that we read just on the Fourth of July.†
Show general definition for proverb (as in: the well-known proverb) a short saying -- typically well-known and accepted by many as offering good advice
Show editor's word notes The adjective, proverbial, may refer to a proverb or to anything that is well-known -- as in "It is a proverbial fish story exaggeration."
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John F. Kennedy35th U.S. president whose term was cut short by assassination in 1963
Many people remember John F. Kennedy’s famous words: “Ask not what your country can do for you — ask what you can do for your country.”more
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We were sure that ours was a nation of the ballot, not the bullet, until the murders of John Kennedy and Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. We were taught that our armies were always invincible and our causes were always just, only to suffer the agony of Vietnam.†
John F. KennedyJohn Kennedy:U.S. president whose term was cut short by assassination in 1963
Show general definition 35th U.S. president who led the Space Race, ordered the Bay of Pigs invasion, managed the Cuban Missile Crisis, and was assassinated (1917-1963)
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stagnatestay still or not develop
We don't want the economy to stagnate.more
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Often you see paralysis and stagnation and drift.†
stagnatestagnation:lack of development or movement
Show general definition staying still or not developing
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traditiona long-established practice
My family's Thanksgiving tradition is to gather together and eat turkey.more
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All the traditions of our past, all the lessons of our heritage, all the promises of our future point to another path, the path of common purpose and the restoration of American values.†
traditiontraditions:long-established or previously long-established practices or beliefs
Show general definition a long-established or previously long-established practice or belief

and/or:

one or more practices, beliefs, or stories passed down through generations within a specific culture or group
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massivevery large
The entrance has massive brass doors.more
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Point four: I'm asking Congress to mandate, to require as a matter of law, that our Nation's utility companies cut their massive use of oil by 50 percent within the next decade and switch to other fuels, especially coal, our most abundant energy source.†1 more
Show general definition very large in size, number, or effect
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conflictstruggle
Violent conflict has broken out again in the Middle East.more
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That path would be one of constant conflict between narrow interests ending in chaos and immobility.†
struggle or disagreement
Show general definition a struggle or disagreement
in various senses, including:
  • a serious disagreement -- as in "political conflict"
  • the tension from two opposing ideas or feelings -- as in "I'm conflicted about where I should go to college."
  • a violent fight or war -- as in "the Israeli-Palestinian conflict"
  • an idiom that refers to tension between responsibilities to different entities -- "conflict of interest"
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constantcontinuous
The history of computers is a history of constant technological advancement.more
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That path would be one of constant conflict between narrow interests ending in chaos and immobility.†
unchanging, continuous, or happening repeatedly
Show general definition unchanging, continuous, or happening repeatedly
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ultimatefinal
The president has ultimate responsibility for directing a war.more
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Our people are losing that faith, not only in government itself but in the ability as citizens to serve as the ultimate rulers and shapers of our democracy.†
most extreme as in final, best, worst, most important, or most fundamental
Show general definition most extreme as in final, best, worst, most important, or most fundamental
The exact meaning of ultimate depends upon its context. For example:
  • "the ultimate decision-maker" -- the final
  • "the ultimate car" -- the best
  • "the ultimate insult" -- the worst
  • "the ultimate source" -- original or most fundamental
  • "the ultimate sacrifice" -- most extreme