abrogate
1 use
In a matter of days, Congress abrogated the French-American treaties of 1778, created a permanent Marine Corps, passed the Sedition Act, and approved the nomination of Washington as supreme commander.†
abrogated = formally abolished (did away with)
Definition
Generally abrogate means:to abolish (do away with) something
Word Statistics
Book | 1 use |
Library | 0 uses in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 3.9.3 |
amorous
3 uses
All this was transpiring when the amorous spirits of the whole group appear to have been at a pitch.†
amorous = romantic or sexual
Word Statistics
Book | 3 uses |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 1.1.2 |
aphorism
2 uses
Keep up the circulation of his blood for years to come, and excite aphorism and anecdotes and dreams for the instruction and amusements by the action of his brain upon his mind.†
aphorism = short saying intended to impart wisdom
Definition
Generally aphorism means:a short saying intended to impart wisdom
Word Statistics
Book | 2 uses |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 3.11.3 |
approbation
8 uses
"I take vast satisfaction in the general approbation of the Massachusetts Constitution," he would tell a friend.†
approbation = approval
Definition
Generally approbation means:approval - often official
Word Statistics
Book | 8 uses |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 1.1.2 |
authenticate
1 use
Congress ordered that the document be authenticated and printed.†
authenticated = established that something is real or legitimate
Definition
Generally authenticate means:establish that something is real or legitimate
Word Statistics
Book | 1 use |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
SAT®* | top 1000 |
1st use | Subsection 1.3.1 |
Benedict Arnold
5 uses
An American assault on Quebec led by Colonels Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold had failed.†
Benedict Arnold = general who betrayed the U.S. in the Revolutionary War and whose name is, to this day, synonymous with the word traitor (1741-1801)
Word Statistics
Book | 5 uses |
Library | 0 uses in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 1.1.1 |
calumny
4 uses
Nor did he feel obliged "to suffer my character to lie under infamous calumnies because the author of them with a pistol bullet in his spinal marrow, died a penitent."†
calumnies = false accusations against a person
Definition
Generally calumny means:false accusation against a person
Word Statistics
Book | 4 uses |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 3.11.3 |
capitalize
1 use
1 —1 use as in:
capitalize on our strength
Indeed, the mix of private and public business beneath the roof of the Hotel de Valentinois was considerable, with Bancroft, the Comte de Chaumont, and possibly even Franklin, all capitalizing on secret French support for the American war and a steady flow of inside information.†
capitalizing on = gaining advantage from
Definition
Generally this sense of capitalize means:benefit from an advantage
Word Statistics
Book | 1 use |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
SAT®* | top 1000 |
1st use | Subsection 2.4.3 |
commensurate
3 uses
He thought public officials should not only be paid, but that their salaries should be commensurate with their responsibilities and necessary expenses.†
commensurate = proportionate
Definition
Generally commensurate means:appropriate in proportion to
Word Statistics
Book | 3 uses |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 3.8.2 |
dictum
2 uses
A huge, red-faced young man of inexhaustible energy, Chase refused to accept the dictum that Maryland's delegates must vote down independence.†
dictum = saying
Definition
Generally dictum means:a short saying intended to make a point
in various senses, including:
- a popular saying — such as "Nothing is certain but death and taxes."
- a formal declaration from a respected source — such as the Constitution's statement that "Congress shall make no law ... abridging the freedom of speech"
- a non-binding remark in a judge's opinion — short for obiter dictum
Word Statistics
Book | 2 uses |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 1.1.2 |
divisive
2 uses
Like Washington and many others, Adams had become increasingly distraught over the rise of political divisiveness, the forming of parties or factions.†
divisiveness = causing disagreement and often ill-will between people
(Editor's note: The suffix "-ness" converts an adjective to a noun that means the quality of. This is the same pattern you see in words like darkness, kindness, and coolness.)
(Editor's note: The suffix "-ness" converts an adjective to a noun that means the quality of. This is the same pattern you see in words like darkness, kindness, and coolness.)
Word Statistics
Book | 2 uses |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 3.8.3 |
duplicity
3 uses
Jefferson's aide, William Short, came on errands from Paris, and the duplicitous Dr. Edward Bancroft showed up, affable as always.†
duplicitous = deceptive (lying to or misleading others)
Definition
Generally duplicity means:deception (lying to or misleading others) — usually over an extended period
Word Statistics
Book | 3 uses |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 2.7.1 |
epitaph
2 uses
Unlike Jefferson, Adams had not composed his own epitaph.†
epitaph = a short text in memory of a dead person
Definition
Generally epitaph means:a short text in memory of a dead person — especially text written on a tombstone
Word Statistics
Book | 2 uses |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 3.12.5 |
exemplify
1 use
Indeed, to behold this distinguished man .... occupying the chair of the Senate in the morning, and afterwards walking home through the streets and taking his seat among his fellow citizens as their equal, conversing amicably with men over whom he had just presided .... was a singular spectacle, and a striking exemplification of the state of society in America at this period.†
exemplification = to act as an example
(editor's note: The suffix "-tion", converts a verb into a noun that denotes the action or result of the verb. Typically, there is a slight change in the ending of the root verb, as in action, education, and observation.)
(editor's note: The suffix "-tion", converts a verb into a noun that denotes the action or result of the verb. Typically, there is a slight change in the ending of the root verb, as in action, education, and observation.)
Word Statistics
Book | 1 use |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
SAT®* | top 1000 |
1st use | Subsection 3.8.4 |
iniquity
2 uses
It always seemed a most iniquitous scheme to me—[to] fight ourselves for what we are daily robbing and plundering from those who have as good a right to freedom as we have.†
iniquitous = immorality; or an immoral act
Word Statistics
Book | 2 uses |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 1.2.2 |
patronage
3 uses
He himself, he insisted, had no say on patronage.†
patronage = support or favor given
Definition
Generally patronage means:support or favor given
The exact sense of patronage depends upon its context. For example::
- "wants to increase federal patronage of the arts" — donations made to support an organization or person
- "a political patronage appointee" — favors given such as political appointments or contracts given in return for political support
- "rewards repeat patronage" — business from customers — especially recurring business
Word Statistics
Book | 3 uses |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 3.8.2 |
presage
2 uses
To many on both sides of the Atlantic, it presaged a quick end to the war.†
presaged = served as a sign of something about to happen
Definition
Generally presage means:serve as a sign of something about to happen — typically something bad
Word Statistics
Book | 2 uses |
Library | 0 uses in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 2.5.2 |
redress
3 uses
He felt privileged, blessed in his profession, he told Jonathan Sewall: Now to what higher object, to what greater character, can any mortal aspire than to be possessed of all this knowledge, well digested and ready at command, to assist the feeble and friendless, to discountenance the haughty and lawless, to procure redress to wrongs, the advancement of right, to assert and maintain liberty and virtue, to discourage and abolish tyranny and vice?†
redress = fix a problem; or make up for a wrong
Word Statistics
Book | 3 uses |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
SAT®* | top 2000 |
1st use | Subsection 1.1.2 |
reprehensible
2 uses
But then neither did he oppose them, and their passage and his signature on them were to be rightly judged by history as the most reprehensible acts of his presidency.†
reprehensible = bad
Definition
Generally reprehensible means:bad — deserving severe criticism
Word Statistics
Book | 2 uses |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 3.9.3 |
sagacious
2 uses
But now he felt no such restraint, and in a series of letters he unleashed his wrath as he seldom had, demonstrating, just as Mercy Warren had said, that his passions could at times overcome his sagacity, but also how deeply she had hurt him.†
sagacity = wisdom
Definition
Generally sagacious means:wise — especially through long experience and thoughtfulness
Word Statistics
Book | 2 uses |
Library | 1 use in 10 avg bks |
1st use | Subsection 3.11.3 |