The Divine Comedy - Volume 1 (The Inferno or Hell) — Vocabulary
Dante Alighieri
translated by: C.E. Norton
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
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lamentlamentlamented:expressed grief about
She lamented the loss.more
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Now the woeful notes begin to make themselves heard; now am I come where much lamentation smites me.†17 more
lamentlamentation:passionate expression of grief or sorrow
Show general definition to express grief or regret
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frauddeception to get something illegally
She was arrested for committing credit card fraud after using someone else’s account to buy expensive electronics.more
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—Seventh pit: Fraudulent Thieves.†19 more
fraudfraudulent:dishonest
Show general definition the act of deceiving someone for personal gain; or a person or thing that is not what it pretends or appears to be
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dismalterrible
The coach will probably be replaced after such a dismal year.more
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Amid this cruel and most dismal store were running people naked and in terror, without hope of hole or heliotrope.†15 more
depressing or gloomy
Show general definition of terrible quality or depressing; or dark and dreary (as when bad weather blocks the sun or when it is drizzly)
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abyssseemingly bottomless pit
At the end of the story, Gandalf falls with the demon into the abyss.more
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—The cord thrown into the abyss.†14 more
a hole or dropoff so deep the bottom cannot be seen -- often used figuratively to imply a frightening bottomless pit
Show general definition a hole or dropoff so deep the bottom cannot be seen -- often used figuratively to imply a frightening bottomless pit
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heedheedheedlessness:pay close attention to
Heed the advice of those who have been there before.more
Show context notes The suffix "-lessness" in heedlessness means in a state without. This is the same pattern you see in words like fearlessness, powerlessness, and harmlessness.
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Two men are just, but there they are not heeded; Pride, Envy, Avarice are the three sparks that have inflamed their hearts.†12 more
heedheeded:paid close attention to; or did what was suggested
Show general definition pay close attention to; or to do what is suggested -- especially with regard to a warning or other advice
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serpentsnake
There was a picture of a serpent eating its tail.more
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Little serpents and cerastes they had for hair, wherewith their savage brows were bound.†14 more
serpentserpents:snakes
Show general definition a snake
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discernnotice or see (something that is not obvious)
The second picture has more pixels, but the human eye can't discern the difference.more
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Dark, profound it was, and cloudy, so that though I fixed my sight on the bottom I did not discern anything there.†12 more
notice or understand something
Show general definition to notice or understand something -- often something that is not obvious
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disdainlack of respect
She tries to be polite, but she cannot hide her disdain for authority.more
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Fame of them the world permitteth not to be; mercy and justice disdain them.†7 more
a lack of respect
Show general definition to disrespect or reject as unworthy
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correspondcorrespondcorresponds:is equivalent
The girls are using a simple code where "1" corresponds to "A", "2" to "B" and so on for each of the 26 letters of the alphabet.more
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[2] These three beasts correspond to the triple division of sins into those of incontinence, of violence, and of fraud†6 more
connect or fit together by being equivalent, proportionate, or matched
Show general definition for correspond (as in: corresponding time period) connect or fit together by being equivalent, proportionate, or matched

(Two things are equivalent if they have the same or very similar value, purpose, or result.)
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vengeancerevenge
Most Americans wanted vengeance after the 9-11 attacks.more
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The fall of man had made him a just object of the vengeance of God; but the elect were to be redeemed, and for their redemption the history of the world from the beginning was directed.†11 more
the act of taking revenge
Show general definition for vengeance (as in: vengeance is mine) the act of taking revenge

(Revenge means to harm someone to get them back for something harmful that they have done.)
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scornscornscorned:rejected
Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned.more
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And I, who was gazing, saw a banner, that whirling ran so swiftly that it seemed to me to scorn all repose, and behind it came so long a train of folk, that I could never have believed death had undone so many.†6 more
disrespect or reject as not good enough
Show general definition disrespect or reject as not good enough
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hinderhinderhindered:delayed or made difficult
Her efforts to turn the department around were further hindered by budgetary cuts.more
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Hinder not his fated going; thus is it willed there where is power to do that which is willed; and ask thou no more.†8 more
slowed down or caused problems for
Show general definition for hinder (as in: hindered by) slow down or cause problems for
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attaingain or reach something with effort
She was the first woman to attain the rank of general.more
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This end was attained through that knowledge of God of which the soul was capable, and through love which was in proportion to knowledge.†5 more
attainattained:gained or reached something with effort
Show general definition to gain or reach something with effort
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prophecyprediction of the future
The prophecy came true.more
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Prophecies of misfortune to Dante.†7 more
prophecyprophecies:predictions of the future
Show general definition a prediction of the future (usually said to be obtained in a supernatural way)
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avariceexcessive desire for wealth
We can try both to minimize greed and avarice and to channel them into directions beneficial to society.more
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The Fourth Circle: the Avaricious and the Prodigal.†6 more
avariceavaricious:having or showing excessive desire for wealth
Show general definition excessive desire for wealth
Show editor's word notes Like "greed", but implies greed specifically for money. The early Christian Church counted avarice as one of the "seven deadly sins."
7
purgatorya state of temporary suffering while waiting
The months between his surgery and the news that he was cancer-free were emotional purgatory for his whole family.more
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[1] [1] The boat that bears the souls to Purgatory6 more
a place or state of temporary suffering while waiting…
Show general definition a place or state of temporary suffering while waiting

or in Roman Catholic theology: the place where those who have died in a state of grace undergo limited suffering to pay for their sins
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discordconflict
There is too much discord in the team.more
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...tell me the reason why such great discord has assailed it.4 more
Show general definition for discord (as in: discord amongst the group) conflict or disagreement -- especially among those expected to cooperate

or (especially in the form discordant):

seeming different or wrong in context
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impetuousimpulsive (made suddenly without much thought)
She regretted her impetuous promise.†more
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Not otherwise it was than of a wind, impetuous through the opposing heats, that strikes the forest, and without any stay shatters the branches, beats down and carries them away; forward, laden with dust, it goes superb, and makes the wild beasts and the shepherds fly.†1 more
impulsive (acting suddenly without much thought)
Show general definition for impetuous (as in: an impetuous decision) impulsive (acting suddenly without much thought) -- often with an unfortunate consequence
4
assailassailassailed:attacked
Critics assailed the author’s latest work, questioning its originality and depth.more
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I am made by God, thanks be to Him, such that your misery toucheth me not, nor doth the flame of this burning assail me.†3 more
to attack or cause trouble
Show general definition to attack or cause trouble
4
infamyfamous for something bad
Yesterday, December 7, 1941 - a date which will live on in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.Franklin D. Rooseveltmore
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And on the edge of the broken chasm lay stretched out the infamy of Crete, that was conceived in the false cow.†3 more
famous for something that is bad; OR  an extremely bad event
Show general definition famous for something that is bad; or an extremely bad event