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Do You Speak American?

Extra Credit Words with Sample Sentences from the Book

instructions
acquisition
3 uses
So the census data do not provide evidence of a massive shift away from English acquisition, the first step in becoming assimilated.†
acquisition = obtaining; or possession
DefinitionGenerally acquisition means:
obtaining possession of something; or the thing possessed
Word Statistics
Book3 uses
Library2 uses in 10 avg bks
SAT®*top 500
1st useChapter 5
Web Links
ambivalent
2 uses
But as Preston also found among these train passengers, Americans are ambivalent about all of this.†
ambivalent = with mixed feelings
DefinitionGenerally ambivalent means:
having mixed feelings about something — such as when part of you wants to do something and part of you does not
Word Statistics
Book2 uses
Library2 uses in 10 avg bks
SAT®*top 100
1st useChapter 3
Web Links
ameliorate
2 uses
To the extent that amelioration is happening, it's quite a contrast with the prejudice of two generations ago.†
amelioration = improvement

(editor's note:  The suffix "-tion", converts a verb into a noun that denotes the action or result of the verb. Typically, there is a slight change in the ending of the root verb, as in action, education, and observation.)
DefinitionGenerally ameliorate means:
to improve — especially a bad situation
Word Statistics
Book2 uses
Library0 uses in 10 avg bks
1st useChapter 4
Web Links
anecdote
3 uses
Another anecdote involves a shift in the vowel in the word slaves to the vowel in leave.†
anecdote = a short story that is true — often told for amusement or to make a point
Word Statistics
Book3 uses
Library2 uses in 10 avg bks
SAT®*top 1000
1st useChapter 4
Web Links
approbation
1 use
The so-called beatniks were the first to use weird as a term of approbation.†
approbation = approval
DefinitionGenerally approbation means:
approval - often official
Word Statistics
Book1 use
Library1 use in 10 avg bks
1st useChapter 7
Web Links
bountiful
1 use
The novelist Pat Gonroy taught school for a year on Daufuskie and described its fictional representation, Yamacraw, like this: The island is fringed with the green, undulating marshes of the southern coast; shrimp boats ply the waters around her and fishermen cast their lines along her bountiful shores.†
bountiful = given in abundance (a large amount); or an abundant (large) amount
Word Statistics
Book1 use
Library1 use in 10 avg bks
1st useChapter 6
Web Links
coincide
2 uses
"When you and I speak, our speech rhythms will begin to coincide in a process called alignment," he said.†
coincide = to be similar — especially to happen at the same time or place
Word Statistics
Book2 uses
Library3 uses in 10 avg bks
SAT®*top 500
1st useChapter 8
Web Links
controversial
2 uses
Arnott's observation that not many teachers teach grammar nowadays is controversial but widely believed.†
controversial = tending to arouse strong disagreement
Word Statistics
Book2 uses
Library3 uses in 10 avg bks
SAT®*top 1000
1st useChapter 3
Web Links
diverge
4 uses
Voluminously and wittily, and animated by more than a little Anglophobia, Mencken demonstrated that our language began to diverge from the mother tongue almost as soon as the first colonists arrived in North America.†
diverge = to move apart; or be or become different
Word Statistics
Book4 uses
Library3 uses in 10 avg bks
SAT®*top 1000
1st useChapter 1
Web Links
divisive
1 use
"; "Banning English Divisive Measure"; "Hot in Any Language"; "Town's Ordinance a Step Backwards"; "Small Town News Can Grow Big and Ugly"; "Texas Town Makes Spanish Official, Stirs War of Words."†
divisive = causing disagreement and often ill-will between people
Word Statistics
Book1 use
Library1 use in 10 avg bks
1st useChapter 5
Web Links
effigy
1 use
An animatronic effigy waves its hands and rolls its eyes as it tells some of the folksy anecdotes Johnson would use to underline political points.†
effigy = a model or other representation
DefinitionGenerally this sense of effigy means:
a model or other representation — typically of a person — often of someone hated, so that it can be mocked an abused
Word Statistics
Book1 use
Library1 use in 10 avg bks
1st useChapter 4
Web Links
entity
2 uses
In another ("They put like this bandage stuff around it"), like served "to highlight the introduction of new entities into discourse."†
entities = people, organizations, lifeforms, or things that exist separately
DefinitionGenerally entity means:
a person, organization, lifeform, or anything with a separate existence
Word Statistics
Book2 uses
Library3 uses in 10 avg bks
SAT®*top 500
1st useChapter 7
Web Links
facetious
1 use
We wondered, only a little facetiously, whether American men weren't used to having females tell them how to drive.†
facetiously = humorously
DefinitionGenerally facetious means:
trivial humor
Word Statistics
Book1 use
Library0 uses in 10 avg bks
1st useChapter 8
Web Links
fallacy
2 uses
Linguist John Baugh wrote that Labov's research, "The Logic of Non-standard English," "was the single most important article ever written that debunked the pervasive linguistic fallacies associated with cognitive-deficit hypotheses"—that is, the fallacy that speakers of Black English were somehow mentally backward.†
fallacies = mistaken beliefs; or common forms of incorrect reasoning
DefinitionGenerally fallacy means:
a mistaken belief; or a common form of incorrect reasoning
Word Statistics
Book2 uses
Library1 use in 10 avg bks
1st useChapter 6
Web Links
innovate
5 uses
But if our language stopped changing it would mean that American society had ceased to be dynamic, innovative, pulsing with life—that the great river had frozen up.†
innovative = new and different

(editor's note:  The suffix "-ive" converts a word into an adjective; though over time, what was originally an adjective often comes to be used as a noun. The adjective pattern means tending to and is seen in words like attractive, impressive, and supportive. Examples of the noun include narrative, alternative, and detective.)
DefinitionGenerally innovate means:
bring something new to an environment
Word Statistics
Book5 uses
Library4 uses in 10 avg bks
SAT®*top 1000
1st useChapter 6
Web Links
predominant
5 uses
Labov's theory has been elaborated in the research of Stanford University linguist Penelope Eckert, who studied language changes originating among high-school students in a predominantly white suburb of Detroit.†
predominantly = mostly
DefinitionGenerally predominant means:
most frequent, common, or important; or having more power and influence
Word Statistics
Book5 uses
Library3 uses in 10 avg bks
SAT®*top 2000
1st useChapter 2
Web Links
repudiate
1 use
A child cannot be taught by anyone whose demeanor, essentially, is that the child repudiate his experience and all that gives him sustenance and enter a limbo in which he will no longer be black, and in which he knows that he can never become white.†
repudiate = strongly reject
DefinitionGenerally repudiate means:
strong rejection — especially when the idea or thing being rejected was once embraced
Word Statistics
Book1 use
Library1 use in 10 avg bks
SAT®*top 1000
1st useChapter 6
Web Links
rhetoric
5 uses
As in many political arguments, the rhetoric of the public figures in the language wars probably fires up the activists but must leave many people feeling somewhere in the middle.†
rhetoric = the use of (or study of using) words to make a point
DefinitionGenerally rhetoric means:
the use of (or study of using) words to make a point — typically implying skillful use
Word Statistics
Book5 uses
Library4 uses in 10 avg bks
SAT®*top 1000
1st useChapter 3
Web Links
simile
1 use
Besides its own ways of pronouncing Southern English, Texas talk has another unique characteristic: it glories in wild metaphors and exaggerated similes, with a dash of braggadocio.†
similes = expressions that highlight similarity between things of different kinds
DefinitionGenerally simile means:
a phrase that highlights similarity between things of different kinds — usually formed with "like" or "as"

as in "It's like looking for a needle in a haystack," or "She is as quiet as a mouse."
Word Statistics
Book1 use
Library1 use in 10 avg bks
1st useChapter 4
Web Links
typify
1 use
It is possible that Philadelphia shaped American speech more than any other city, because the "r" sound that so typifies American English migrated west from Philadelphia.†
typifies = is a typical example of
DefinitionGenerally typify means:
to be a typical example of; or to represent or be characteristic of
Word Statistics
Book1 use
Library1 use in 10 avg bks
1st useChapter 3
Web Links
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Sample usage followed by this mark was not checked by an editor. Please let us know if you spot a problem.
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