Into Thin Air — Vocabulary
Jon Krakauer
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Exemplary sample Uses ACT/SAT
57 top 2000
ascendmove upward
We saw the rocket ascend.more
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I dreamed of ascending Everest myself one day;56 more
ascendascending:climbing up
Show general definition for ascend (as in: ascend the mountain) to move or slope upward -- sometimes figuratively as when climbing the corporate ladder
15 top 100
establishestablishestablished:created
Which word choice best maintains the tone established in the first paragraph?more
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It had been established in 1973 after four members of a single Japanese trekking group succumbed to the altitude and died in the vicinity.15 more
Show general definition for establish (as in: establish a positive tone) create, start, or set in [a] place
1 top 100
establish#2establishestablishing:showing or demonstrating
The passage is primarily about establishing the relationship between the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and global temperature.more
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Their best hope for getting off the mountain alive, they concluded, was to go over the top and down the well-established Southeast Ridge route, an extremely audacious plan, given the late hour, the unknown terrain, and their rapidly diminishing supply of bottled oxygen.15 more
establishestablished:known
Show general definition for establish (as in: establish that there is a need) show or determine (cause to be recognized or figure out)
5 top 100
engageengageengaged:was involved
She engaged in conduct that is a violation of the honor code.more
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Most of us were simply wrapped too tightly in the grip of summit fever to engage in thoughtful reflection about the death of someone in our midst.5 more
participate (take part)
Show general definition for engage (as in: engage in conversation) to interact in various ways -- such as to participate, involve, interest, or attract
The exact meaning of this sense of engage depends upon its context. For example:
  • "They engaged in debate." -- participated
  • "She engaged him in conversation." -- involved
  • "She is an engaging conversationalist." -- interesting
  • "She has an engaging smile." -- attractive (attracting interest and interaction)
  • "The proposal engages the interest of many young voters." -- attracts and involves
  • "She engages with her constituents." -- interacts in a meaningful way
  • "She engaged in foolish behavior." -- entered into
1 top 2000
engage#2move into position to work
The gears will not engage.more
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Andy's encounter with the falling rock was very much on my mind every time I unclipped from the line to move around somebody even a small projectile would be enough to send me to the bottom of the face if it struck while I was disengaged from the rope.5 more
engagedisengaged:not connected
Show context notes The prefix "dis-" in disengaged means not or opposite. It reverses the meaning of engaged as seen in words like disagree, disconnect, and disappear.
Show general definition for engage (as in: engage the gears) move into position to work; or start
11 top 200
moreoverin addition to what has just been said
The company has too much debt. Moreover, it is responsible for a long-term lease on expensive office space.more
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Moreover, I agree that readers are often poorly served when an author writes as an act of catharsis, as I have done here.†10 more
9 top 100
precedeprecedepreceded:were before in time
Stone tools preceded bronze tools.more
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The reputations of the Taiwanese preceded them to Everest.†8 more
precedepreceded:went or was before
Show general definition to go or do before
4 top 1000
environmentthe natural world
She made the environment the top concern in her speech and warned against spoiling the earth.more
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The government of Nepal recognized that the throngs flocking to Everest created serious problems in terms of safety, aesthetics, and impact to the environment.5 more
Show general definition for environment (as in: the environmental movement) the natural world (life, air, water, land...) -- often used in reference to the impact of human technology
2 top 1000
environment#2surrounding conditions
Cactus survives in the harsh desert environment.more
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"I don't want to carry the telephone," Lopsang later admitted, in part because it worked only marginally at Camp Three and it seemed even less likely to work in the colder, harsher environment of Camp Four.5 more
Show general definition for environment (as in: her family environment) surrounding conditions
in various senses, including:
  • conditions in a location or geographic area -- as in "the desert environment"
  • conditions that affect a particular activity -- as in "the learning environment"
  • conditions that create a certain mood -- as in "a competitive environment," or "a romantic environment,"
  • conditions that impact a particular computer system, subsystem, or program -- as in "the Windows environment"
9 top 500
approximateapproximateapproximately:about
The state has approximately as many Republicans as Democrats.more
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Everest had killed more than 130 people since the British first visited the mountain in 1921--approximately one death for every four climbers who'd reached the summit--and that many of those who died had been far stronger and possessed vastly more high-altitude experience than I.8 more
approximateapproximately:about (but not exactly)
Show general definition almost, but not exact; or similar
8 top 200
subsequentfollowing
Her guess was proven right by subsequent developments.more
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A decade later, however, a subsequent ascent of the mountain helped establish the trajectory of my life.†7 more
following something else
Show general definition following something else
9 top 500
crucialvery important
Doing well on the ACT is crucial to getting into the college I want to attend.more
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Inept or disreputable companies have on more than one occasion failed to deliver crucial logistical support-oxygen, for instance-as promised.†8 more
Show general definition very important or necessary -- often because it determines how something else will turn out
10 top 2000
deterioratebecome worse
The situation could quickly deteriorate.more
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The weather deteriorated as the afternoon wore on.†9 more
deterioratedeteriorated:became worse
1 top 200
complementcombine well with
The coach is not looking for the best players. She's looking for players who will best complement each other.more
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Fond of costumes, Sandy appeared wearing a high-altitude climbing suit over her evening dress, complemented by mountaineering boots, crampons, ice ax, and a bandolier of carabiners.1 more
complementcomplemented:made better
Show general definition for complement (as in: the color complements her eyes) to combine something with something else to make it better
1 top 200
complement#2a quantity of something that is considered complete
We'll sail with a full complement of crew.more
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There were fifteen of us in Hall's group: three guides, a full complement of eight clients, and Sherpas Ang Dorje, Lhakpa Chhiri, Ngawang Norbu, and Kami.1 more
Show general definition for complement (as in: a full complement of crew) a quantity of something that is considered complete
7
hypothermiabody temperature that is dangerously low
After falling into the icy lake, she was quickly rushed to the hospital to treat her hypothermia.more
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He was so hypothermic he could barely talk.†6 more
hypothermiahypothermic:relating to body temperature that is dangerously low
6
pulmonaryaffecting the lungs
It's some kind of pulmonary disease.more
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He has one of the worst cases of pulmonary edema I've ever seen.†5 more
relating to or affecting the lungs
Show general definition relating to or affecting the lungs
2
with a vengeancewith intensity
I thought I was getting over my cold and went to work, but it came back with a vengeance.more
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Four of my teammates died not so much because Rob Hall's systems were faulty-indeed, nobody's were better-but because on Everest it is the nature of systems to break down with a vengeance.1 more
Show general definition for with a vengeance (as in: with a vengeance) with intensity
1 top 1000
causticcapable of damaging or eating away (such as a strong acid)
Don't get it on your skin. It's caustic.more
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This morning, gasping lungfuls of caustic, snow-filled air, he had apparently frozen his larynx.1 more
harsh or damaging
Show general definition for caustic (as in: a caustic chemical) damaging or harsh -- often of a corrosive chemical like a strong acid
1 top 1000
caustic#2sarcastic, critical, or harsh
She has a caustic sense of humor.more
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Gregarious by nature, Hall proved to be a skillful raconteur with a caustic Kiwi wit.1 more
sarcastic