A Farewell to Arms — Vocabulary
Ernest Hemingway
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peasantpeasantpeasants:an historical term describing people of low income, education, and social standing
Most people in the Middle Ages were peasants.more
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He doesn't want to see peasants. Let him go to centres of culture and civilization.9 more
peasantpeasants:uneducated farmers
Show general definition used historically or possibly in relation to a very poor country:  a person of low income, education, and social standing -- especially one who raises crops or livestock
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socialisman economic system based on government ownership and control of all companies -- with the ideal of equal benefits to all people
She believes that more socialism would be more fair.more
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Everybody is a socialist.†6 more
socialismsocialist:a person who wants an economic system based on government ownership or control of all important companies -- with the ideal of equal benefits to all people
Show general definition an economic system based on government ownership or control of all important companies -- with the ideal of equal benefits to all people
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contrastnotable difference
The contrast in their leadership styles is striking. Olivia motivated people with fear. Isabella motivated them with praise.more
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He was living to be one hundred years old and played a smoothly fluent game of billiards that contrasted with his own ninety-four-year-old brittleness.†1 more
contrastcontrasted:differed
Show general definition for contrast (as in: there is a contrast) a difference -- especially a notable difference; or the side-x-side arrangement of things that draws attention to an unmissable difference
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conceitexcessive pride
Her conceit will be her downfall.more
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I wouldn't mind him if he wasn't so conceited and...4 more
conceitconceited:excessively proud
Show general definition for conceit (as in: confident, but not conceited) excessive pride in oneself, arrogance, or vanity
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tauttight
The string is pulled taut.more
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He bandaged, his hands moving very fast and the bandage coming taut and sure.†2 more
pulled or drawn tight; OR  subjected to great tension
Show general definition pulled or drawn tight;
or: subjected to great tension
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dialectregional variety of a language
It's not uncommon to hear "y'all" when talking in the American south where the rural areas still have a distinct dialect.more
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The girl who looked at me said something in a dialect I could not understand a word of.3 more
Show general definition a regional variety of a language
Show editor's word notes A dialect can use a different accent, vocabulary, and grammar than other dialects of the same language.
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fracturecrack
X-rays showed a small fracture in her collarbone.more
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You haven't any fracture.3 more
crack (in the bone)
Show general definition a crack or break, or to cause one, especially in something hard -- such as a bone
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probeinvestigation
There was a congressional probe into the scandal.more
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Lacerations of the scalp (he probed Does that hurt?)3 more
probeprobed:investigated (explored the wound with a medical instrument)
Show general definition to investigate closely; or a tool or device used to explore, examine, or gather information
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dismalterrible
The coach will probably be replaced after such a dismal year.more
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It was daylight and the country was wet, low and dismal looking.†1 more
depressing or gloomy
Show general definition of terrible quality or depressing; or dark and dreary (as when bad weather blocks the sun or when it is drizzly)
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valorcourage (exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger -- especially in battle)
She received a medal for valor.more
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He has been proposed for the silver medal of valor.2 more
exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger
Show general definition exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger -- especially in battle
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breechrear (in this case indicating that the baby came out of the birth canal butt-first)
It was a difficult breech birth.†more
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Rinaldi took the note, folded it without rising from the bed and slid it in his breeches pocket.†2 more
breechbreeches:pants
Show general definition rear

Most commonly used today in the phrase breech birth in reference to a baby who comes out of the birth canal butt-first rather than head-first.

More-archaic senses seen in classic literature include:
  • breechcloth -- a form of loincloth consisting in a strip of material passed between the thighs and held up in front and behind by a belt or string
  • breeches -- pants
  • a cannon's breech -- the rear of a gun
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obligationduty
Although she had no legal obligation, she wanted to help him.more
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Of course some of the bonds were not accounted for but the priest had all of the three per cent bonds and several local obligations, I forget exactly what they were.†2 more
obligationobligations:a duty
Show general definition a duty
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gauntvery thin
She looked gaunt from the chemotherapy.more
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It was a very tall gaunt captain of artillery with a red scar along his jaw.1 more
very thin and bony
Show general definition very thin and bony -- often from hunger or as though having been worn to the bone
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remorseregret for doing something wrong
There was no sign of remorse until the police caught her.more
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Even with remorse you will have a better time.1 more
regret for doing something that was wrong
Show general definition a feeling of deep regret for doing something that was wrong
Show editor's word notes Synonym comparison (if you're into word choice):

Many consider the word remorse stronger than the word regret. Also, it is more personal. One might regret that their team lost the game, but feel remorse that they missed the bus and weren't there to help the team.
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anarchistsomeone who opposes government or authority
At the protest, one anarchist set off fireworks and shouted that all rules were meant to be broken.more
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Are you really anarchists?5 more
anarchistanarchists:people who favor eliminating all government
Show general definition someone who favors eliminating all government or authority
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hemorrhageto bleed excessively
A hemorrhage in the brain is common with shaken baby syndrome.more
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He said there was so much dirt blown into the wound that there had not been much hemorrhage.3 more
bleeding
Show general definition severe bleeding -- typically inside the body

or:

(figurative use) to describe any rapid loss
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protractedlong
She took part in the protracted negotiations.more
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The first labor is usually protracted.2 more
long-lasting
Show general definition long in duration; or to extend something--especially to (prolong or make longer in duration)
2
inflammationswelling and redness
There was inflammation around the wound.more
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If you've got a fracture you don't want inflammation.†1 more
Show general definition swelling, redness, and other body tissue response to injury or infection
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whitecapswind-blown waves with white foam at their crest
The strong winds caused whitecaps to form on the surface of the lake.more
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The wind was still blowing outside up the lake and we could see the tops of the whitecaps going away from us and up the lake.†1 more
Show general definition wind-blown waves with white foam at their crest
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tetanusa deadly bacterial infection that results in muscle spasms whose symptoms include locking the jaw tightly closed
The Masai guide had a gap cut between his front teeth so that nutrients could be consumed in the event of tetanus (lockjaw).more
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Get some more of that Antitetanus.†1 more
tetanusantitetanus:an agent that works against a bacterial infection that is typically contracted through a puncture wound with a dirty object
Show context notes The prefix "anti-" in antitetanus means against or opposite. This is the same pattern you see in words like antiviral, antiaircraft, and antisocial.
Show general definition a bacterial infection typically contracted through a puncture wound with a dirty object -- such as a rusted nail
Show editor's word notes Tetanus is also called lockjaw because of muscle spasms that make the patient incapable of opening their jaw.

People who have had the DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) vaccine and a subsequent booster shot every 10 years, are protected from tetanus. Others should get a "tetanus shot" after a puncture wound with a dirty object. The tetanus shot provides immediate, short-term protection.