Animal Farm — Vocabulary
George Orwell
(Edited)

Book sample Uses ACT/SAT
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rationrationrations:limited portions of food given out
Once again all rations were reduced, except those of the pigs and the dogs.p.112.614 more
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Gasoline was rationed during the 1970s oil embargo.more
rationrationed:restricted in the amount each person could have
Show general definition a fixed share of something, especially scarce goods like food or fuel; or to limit and distribute something in fixed shares
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neverthelessdespite that (used to connect contrasting ideas)
And again, since no animal now stole, it was unnecessary to fence off pasture from arable land, which saved a lot of labor on the upkeep of hedges and gates. Nevertheless, as the summer wore on, various unforeseen shortages began to make them selves felt.p.62.66 more
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The class was hard. Nevertheless, it was my favorite.more
Show general definition despite that
Show editor's word notes Based on idea 1 we might not expect idea 2, but this is a way of saying that even though idea 1 was just stated, we still have idea 2.  Synonyms include in spite of that, despite that, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the other hand, in contrast and but.
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expelexpelexpelled:forced to leave
Jones was expelled, and the Manor Farm was theirs.p.20.69 more
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Her records show expulsion from two schools.more
expelexpulsion:the act of forcing out (in this case, kicking someone out of school)
Show general definition force out
especially in 2 primary senses:
  • kicking someone out of an organization -- such as a school or country
  • squeezing something to eliminate a liquid or gas
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composecomposecomposed:written
In its place Minimus, the poet, had composed another song which began: Animal Farm, Animal Farm, Never through me shalt thou come to harm!p.88.93 more
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The assignment is to compose a poem.more
write
Show general definition for compose (as in: compose a poem) to write or create something with care
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perspectivea sensible view of a situation
And Squealer, who happened to be passing at this moment, attended by two or three dogs, was able to put the whole matter in its proper perspective.p.67.4
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She loses perspective and continually wants to change the plan in a manner that depends on the most recent complaint.more
Show general definition for perspective (as in: Keep it in perspective) a sensible view of a situation that considers its different parts in a balanced way
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tracetracetraceable:able to be followed (to its source through investigation)
It was pure imagination, probably traceable in the beginning to lies circulated by Snowball.p.64.66 more
Show context notes The suffix "-able" means able to be. This is the same pattern you see in words like breakable, understandable, and comfortable.
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Early cat domestication is traced back to China over 5,000 years ago.more
tracetraced:found through investigation
Show general definition for trace (as in: trace the origin or development) to find, search, research, or keep track of
This sense of trace usually has to do with information. It's specific meaning depends on its context. For example:
to find or search for something through investigation -- often the origin of something:
  • "The police traced the call." -- found out where it originated
  • "We are tracing the lost luggage" -- searching for
  • "Can you trace the problem to its source?" -- find through investigation
  • "She traced her family history to discover that her great-grandmother came to the United States from Lithuania when the Nazis occupied it." -- discovered something through investigation
to research or report on the development of something
  • "She traced the history of the automobile in her paper." -- researched the development of something
  • "Her presentation traced recent progress in alternative energy solutions." -- reported on
to monitor or keep track of the progress or development of something
  • "She traces the progress of at-risk students." -- monitors information
  • "I used binoculars to trace her progress up the mountain." -- monitor, follow, or track
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resolutiona formal statement of a decision voted on by a group
A unanimous resolution was passed on the spot that the farmhouse should be preserved as a museum.p.23.49 more
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The United Nations passed a resolution condemning the country's use of chemical weapons.more
a formal statement of opinion
Show general definition for resolution (as in: a United Nations resolution) a formal statement of decision or opinion voted on by a group
Show editor's word notes While a resolution typically expresses an opinion and has no legal force, when used in early U.S. history or in the expressions joint resolution of Congress or continuing resolution, it becomes a synonym for legislation (meaning that it carries the force of law).
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resolution#2determination
And remember, comrades, your resolution must never falter. No argument must lead you astray.p.10.19 more
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She ran each mile of the marathon with increasing resolution.more
Show general definition for resolution (as in: Her resolution weakened.) determination (firmness of purpose)
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demonstratedemonstratedemonstrated:showed
There was nothing with which they could compare their present lives: they had nothing to go upon except Squealer's lists of figures, which invariably demonstrated that everything was getting better and better.p.130.72 more
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The salesperson demonstrated features of both phones so I could compare them.more
Show general definition for demonstrate (as in: It demonstrates my point.) to show
The exact meaning of this sense of demonstrate can depend upon its context. For example:
  • "I will demonstrate how to throw a Frisbee." -- show how to do something
  • "I will demonstrate how much quicker the new computer is than the old one." -- show how something works
  • "Her questioned demonstrated that she was listening and thinking deeply about what was said." -- showed to be true or proved
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demonstrate#2demonstratedemonstration:public display of support
Napoleon had commanded that once a week there should be held something called a Spontaneous Demonstration, the object of which was to celebrate the struggles and triumphs of Animal Farm.p.115.72 more
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The students demonstrated against hate speech.more
demonstratedemonstrated:joined with others in a public protest
Show general definition for demonstrate (as in: demonstrate to protest) a public display supporting a cause -- usually joining with others in a political protest
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temperedmade less extreme
And when Squealer went on to give further graphic details of Boxer's death-bed, the admirable care he had received, and the expensive medicines for which Napoleon had paid without a thought as to the cost, their last doubts disappeared and the sorrow that they felt for their comrade's death was tempered by the thought that at least he had died happy.p.125.51 more
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Her criticism was tempered with kindly sympathy.more
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advocateadvocateadvocating:recommending
When the animals had assembled in the big barn, Snowball stood up and, though occasionally interrupted by bleating from the sheep, set forth his reasons for advocating the building of the windmill.p.52.11 more
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She advocates stricter gun control.more
advocateadvocates:publicly supports
Show general definition for advocate (as in: to advocate) to recommend or publicly support (someone or something)
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ignominiousdisgraceful or shameful
And so within five minutes of their invasion they were in ignominious retreat by the same way as they had come, with a flock of geese hissing after them and pecking at their calves all the way.p.42.81 more
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They retreated in ignominious defeat.more
bringing disgrace or shame
Show general definition deserving or bringing disgrace or shame -- typically in reference to behavior or character
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contrarydifferent
Napoleon was well aware of the bad results that might follow if the real facts of the food situation were known, and he decided to make use of Mr. Whymper to spread a contrary impression.p.75.25 more
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The facts point to a contrary conclusion.more
different (perhaps opposite or mutually exclusive)
Show general definition for contrary (as in: a contrary idea) different (perhaps opposite or mutually exclusive)
Show editor's word notes In formal logic, contrary propositions or contrary arguments describe two things that cannot both be true. They might be described as mutually exclusive. For example, a pet cannot be both a cat and a dog. It doesn't need to be either, but if it is one, it cannot be the other. So the statement that a pet is a cat and the statement that the same pet is a dog, are contrary statements.
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contrary toin opposition to
A too rigid equality in rations, Squealer explained, would have been contrary to the principles of Animalism.p.112.75 more
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Contrary to popular belief, the largest pyramid is in Mexico--not Egypt.more
Show general definition for contrary to (as in: contrary to) in opposition to
Show editor's word notes You could also think of this as meaning, despite, or in spite of, or in conflict with; but since a common meaning of contrary is opposite, you many find it easiest to think of contrary to as in opposition to.
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on the contraryan expression used to strengthen denial of an idea
Do not imagine, comrades, that leadership is a pleasure! On the contrary, it is a deep and heavy responsibility.p.55.45 more
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She was not smiling. On the contrary, she frowned.more
an expression used to intensify denial of an idea
Show general definition for on the contrary (as in: on the contrary) an expression used to intensify denial of an idea
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determinedfirm in purpose
It was fully realized that though the human beings had been defeated in the Battle of the Cowshed they might make another and more determined attempt to recapture the farm and reinstate Mr. Jones.p.51.23 more
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I'm determined to become a lawyer.more
firmly planning
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determinefigure out
Sometimes the older ones among them racked their dim memories and tried to determine whether in the early days of the Rebellion, when Jones's expulsion was still recent, things had been better or worse than now.p.130.53 more
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They are working to determine the cause of the accident.more
learn or discover
Show general definition for determine (as in: determined she is guilty) to learn, discover, or decide
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assumeassumeassumed:believed
The animals had assumed as a matter of course that these would be shared out equally; one day, however, the order went forth that all the windfalls were to be collected and brought to the harness-room for the use of the pigs.p.35.53 more
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I assume she was at school today, but I don't remember actually seeing her.more
believe (without knowing for sure)
Show general definition for assume (as in: I assume it's true) to accept something as true without proof
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assume#2take on (as a responsibility)
With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership.p.27.93 more
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The dictator assumed control of the country at midnight this morning.more
assumeassumed:took (power)
Show general definition for assume (as in: She assumed power) beginning to take power or responsibility