All 50 Uses of
DNA
in
Jurassic Park
- When, in 1953, two young researchers in England, James Watson and Francis Crick, deciphered the structure of DNA, their work was bailed as a triumph of the human spirit, of the centuries-old quest to understand the universe in a scientific way.†
Chpt 1
- The company seemed obviously focused on animals; and they had hired researchers with an interest in the past-paleoblologists, DNA phylogeneticists, and so on.†
Chpt 10
- With each passing year, the manipulation of DNA had grown easier.
Chpt 10 *DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid (the molecule that contains the genetic code)
- By 1985, it seemed possible that quagga DNA might be reconstituted, and a new animal grown.†
Chpt 10
- If so, it would be the first creature brought back from extinction solely by reconstruction of its DNA.†
Chpt 10
- Of course, no dinosaur DNA was known to exist anywhere in the world.†
Chpt 10
- But by grinding up large quantities of dinosaur bones it might be possible to extract fragments of DNA.†
Chpt 10
- Formerly it was thought that fossilization eliminated all DNA.†
Chpt 10
- If enough DNA fragments were recovered, it might be possible to clone a living animal.†
Chpt 10
- Of course, if we could obtain examples of their dinosaurs, we could reverse engineer them and make our own, with enough modifications in the DNA to evade their patents.†
Chpt 10
- I'm talking about a legitimate source of their DNA.†
Chpt 10
- Bioengineered DNA was, weight for weight, the most valuable material in the world.†
Chpt 11
- Dodgson wanted more than bacterial DNA; he wanted frozen embryos, and he knew InGen guarded its embryos with the most elaborate security measures.†
Chpt 11
- Grant said, "My only question is, where'd they get the DNA?†
Chpt 15
- Grant was aware of serious speculation in laboratories in Berkeley, Tokyo, and London that it might eventually be possible to clone an extinct animal such as a dinosaur-if you could get some dinosaur DNA to work with.†
Chpt 15
- The problem was that all known dinosaurs were fossils, and the fossilization destroyed most DNA, replacing it with inorganic material.†
Chpt 15
- Of course, if a dinosaur was frozen, or preserved in a peat bog, or mummified in a desert environment, then its DNA might be recoverable.†
Chpt 15
- Ellie said, "You can't reproduce a real dinosaur, because you can't get real dinosaur DNA."†
Chpt 15
- "I'm sure you want to see this room," Ed Regis said, "but first, let's see how we obtain dinosaur DNA."†
Chpt 17
- But you're probably wondering where our dinosaur DNA comes from.†
Chpt 17
- Using the Loy antibody extraction technique, we can sometimes get DNA directly from dinosaur bones.†
Chpt 17
- We need the entire dinosaur DNA strand in order to clone.†
Chpt 17
- If this insect has any foreign blood cells, we may be able to extract them, and obtain paleo-DNA, the DNA of an extinct creature.†
Chpt 17
- If this insect has any foreign blood cells, we may be able to extract them, and obtain paleo-DNA, the DNA of an extinct creature.†
Chpt 17
- Actually, dinosaur DNA is somewhat easier to extract by this process than mammalian DNA.†
Chpt 17
- Actually, dinosaur DNA is somewhat easier to extract by this process than mammalian DNA.†
Chpt 17
- The reason is that mammalian red cells have no nuclei, and thus no DNA in their red cells.†
Chpt 17
- How we identify the DNA we have extracted.†
Chpt 17
- CCTGTCGTTG AGGACCCGGC TAGGCTGGCG GGGTTGCCTT 1281 AGAATGAATC ACCGATACGC GAGCGAACGT GAAGCGACTG CTGCTGCAAA ACGTCTGCGA 1341 AACATGAATG GTCTTCGGTT TCCGTGTTTC GTAAAGTCTG GAAACGCGGA AGTCAGCGCC "Here you see the actual structure of a small fragment of dinosaur DNA," Wu said.†
Chpt 17
- This amount of DNA probably contains instructions to make a single protein-say, a hormone or an enzyme.†
Chpt 17
- The full DNA molecule contains three billion of these bases.†
Chpt 17
- If we looked at a screen like this once a second, for eight hours a day, it'd still take more than two years to look at the entire DNA strand.†
Chpt 17
- This is a typical example, because you see the DNA has an error, down here in line 1201.†
Chpt 17
- Much of the DNA we extract is fragmented or incomplete.†
Chpt 17
- It'll cut the DNA, using what are called restriction enzymes.†
Chpt 17
- …1021 GCGGTGCATGOAOCCOGOCCACCTCGACCTGAATOGAAGCCGOCGOCACCTCOCTAACOG 1081 CCAAGAATTGGAGCCAATCAATTCTTGCGGAGAACTGTGAATGCGCAAACCAACCCTTGG 1141 CCATCGCGTCCGCCATCTCCAGCAGCCGCACGCGGCGCATCTCGGGCAGCGTTGGGTCCT 1416 DnxTI SSpd4 1201 GCGCATGATCGTGCT:+=:CCTGTCGTTGAGGACCCGGCTAGGCTGGCGGGGTTGCCTTACT 1281 ATGAATCACCGATACGCGAGCGAACGTGAAGCGACTGCTGCTGCAAAACGTCTGCGACCT "Here is the same section of DNA, with the points of the restriction enzymes located.†
Chpt 17
- [picture] "Now we are finding a fragment of DNA that overlaps the injury area, and will tell us what is missing.†
Chpt 17
- The dark bars you see arc restriction fragments-small sections of dinosaur DNA, broken by enzymes and then analyzed.†
Chpt 17
- …1021 GCGGTGCATGGAGCCGGGCCACCTCGACCTGAATGGAAGCCGGCGGCACCTCGCTAACGG 1081 CCAAGAATTGGAGCCAATCAATTCTTGCGGAGAACTGTGAATGCGCAAACCAACCCTTGG 1141 CCATCGCGTCCGCCATCTCCAGCAGCCGCACGCGGCGCATCTCGGGCAGCGTTGGGTCCT 1201 GCGCATGATCGTGCTAGCCTGTCGTTGAGGACCCGGCTAGGCTGGCGGGGTTGCCTT 1281 AGAATGAATCACCGATACGCGAGCGAACGTGAAGCGACTG CTGCTGCAAAACGTCTGCGA 1341 AACATGAATGGTCTTCGGTTTCCGTGTTTC GTAAAGTCTGGAAACGCGGAAGTCAGCGCC "And here is the revised DNA strand, repaired by the computer.†
Chpt 17
- Then are you working with the entire DNA strand?†
Chpt 17
- But, even so, the DNA molecule is too big.†
Chpt 17
- We look only at the sections of the strand that differ from animal to animal, or from contemporary DNA.†
Chpt 17
- A DNA molecule.†
Chpt 17
- Nobody could be analyzing a DNA molecule.†
Chpt 17
- He knew biologists were talking about the Human Genome Project, to analyze a complete human DNA strand.†
Chpt 17
- Or maybe they're just analyzing DNA fragments, but they've got RAM-intensive algorithms.†
Chpt 17
- Well, my guess is they're doing something with DNA," Barney said.†
Chpt 17
- Nedry turned back to the group as Grant asked, "And once the computer has analyzed the DNA, how do you know what animal it encodes?"†
Chpt 17
- DNA evolves over time, like everything else in an organism-hands or feet or any other physical attribute.†
Chpt 17
- So we can take an unknown piece of DNA and determine roughly, by computer, where it fits in the evolutionary sequence.†
Chpt 17
Definition:
-
(DNA) cell structures that transmit genetic information which determines inherited traits such as hair color or height